TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION .......................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................v
LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................................viii
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... ix
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………..x
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………...xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCION .............................................................................1
1.1: Background Information ....................................................................................1
1.2: Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................3
1.3: Justification of the study.....................................................................................3
1.4: Research Question ..............................................................................................4
1.5: Hypothesis ...........................................................................................................5
1.6: Broad Objectives of the study ............................................................................5
1.7: Specific Objectives of the study. ..........................................................................5
1.8: Assumptions of the study ....................................................................................5
1.9: Significance of the study .....................................................................................6
1.10: Delimitations and Limitations of the study ......................................................6
1.11: Operational Definitions of Terms.....................................................................6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................... 10
2.1: Overview of infant feeding. .............................................................................. 10
2.2: Benefits of Breastfeeding .................................................................................. 10
2.3: Role of PMTCT on choice of Infant Feeding………………………………….12
2.4.0: Infant Feeding options for HIV Positive mothers…………………………..12
2.4.1: Exclusive Breast feeding……………………………………………………...13
2.4.2: Wet Nursing…………………………………………………………………...14
2.4.3: Heat Treated Breast Milk…………………………………………………….14
2.5.0: Exclusive Replacement Feeding……………………………………………...15
2.5.1: Infant Formula………………………………………………………………...17
2.5.2: Animal Milk…………………………………………………………………...19
2.6.0: Infant Feeding and HIV Transmission ......................................................... 20
2.6.1: Strategies for Reducing Transmission of HIV ……………………………...21
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................. 23
3.1 Study Design ...................................................................................................... 23
3.2 Study Area .......................................................................................................... 23
3.3 Variables............................................................................................................. 23
3.4 The Target Population ....................................................................................... 23
3.5 The Study Population ........................................................................................ 24
3.5.1 Inclusion Criteria ........................................................................................ 24
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3.5.2 Exclusion Criteria ....................................................................................... 24
3.6 Sampling Procedure ........................................................................................... 25
3.6.1. Sample size determination ......................................................................... 25
3.7: Research Instruments ....................................................................................... 26
3.8: Pre-testing the Instrument ............................................................................... 26
3.8.1 Validity ........................................................................................................ 27
3.8.2 Reliability .................................................................................................... 27
3.9: Data Quality Control ........................................................................................ 27
3.9.1: Data collection procedure .......................................................................... 27
3.9.2: Data Analysis.............................................................................................. 28
3.10: Ethical Consideration ..................................................................................... 29
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................. 30
4.1: Demographic characteristics of caregivers ...................................................... 30
4.1.1: Maternal education distribution................................................................ 31
4.1.2: Income level and occupation distribution ................................................. 31
4.1.3: Maternal age and number of children ...................................................... 31
4.2: Caregivers’ knowledge regarding Infant feeding options ............................... 32
4.2.1: HIV Counseling and Testing. .................................................................... 32
4.2.2: Caregivers knowledge on infant feeding recommendations ..................... 33
4.3: Infant Feeding Options. .................................................................................... 36
4.3.1: Exclusive Breastfeeding ............................................................................. 36
4.3.2: Mixed Feeding ............................................................................................ 37
4.3.3: Infant Formula Feeding ............................................................................. 40
4.3.4: Animal milk ................................................................................................ 41
4.3.5: Wet Nursing ............................................................................................... 43
4.3.6: Heat treated breast milk. ........................................................................... 44
4.4: Factors Influencing the Choice of Infant Feeding options by HIV Positive Mothers .................................................................................................................... 44
4.4.1: Cost ............................................................................................................. 44
4.4.2: Perception of MTCT .................................................................................. 46
4.4.3: Cultural Beliefs, Maternal Illness or Death .............................................. 46
4.4.4: Inaccessibility and Inconvenience in Preparation of Replacement Foods .............................................................................................................................. 47
4.4.5: Ignorance .................................................................................................... 48
4.4.6: Stigma and family pressure ....................................................................... 49
4.4.7 Maternal age ................................................................................................ 49
4.4.8: Maternal parity .......................................................................................... 51
4.5.0: Effects of the Chosen Feeding Options. ........................................................ 51
4.5.1: Distribution of Infants by sexes……………………………………………53
4.5.2: Mean weight of infants ............................................................................... 52
4.5.3: Association between chosen feeding options and infant nutritional status .............................................................................................................................. 54
4.5.4: Association between feeding options and infant morbidity ...................... 55
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CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. ... 58
5.1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 58
5.2: Discussion .......................................................................................................... 58
5.2.1: Caregivers’ Knowledge Regarding Infant Feeding .................................. 58
5.2.2: Infant Feeding Options .............................................................................. 59
5.2.3: Factors influencing choice of infant feeding options................................. 61
5.2.4: Effects of Feeding options on infant growth, nutritional status and morbidity .............................................................................................................. 64
5.3: Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 66
5.4: Recommendations. ............................................................................................ 67
5.5: Suggestions for further research ...................................................................... 69
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 69
APENDICES ................................................................................................................ 75
Appendix I: Questionaires ....................................................................................... 76
Appendix II: Map of Study Area ............................................................................ 85
Appendix III: Work plan for Research..............…………...………………………88
Appendix IV: Research Budget……………………………………………………..89
SAWE, J (2021). Effects Of Different Feeding Options On Infants Born To Hiv Positive Mothers In Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/effects-of-different-feeding-options-on-infants-born-to-hiv-positive-mothers-in-nakuru-municipality-kenya
SAWE, JUDITH "Effects Of Different Feeding Options On Infants Born To Hiv Positive Mothers In Nakuru Municipality, Kenya" Afribary. Afribary, 28 May. 2021, https://afribary.com/works/effects-of-different-feeding-options-on-infants-born-to-hiv-positive-mothers-in-nakuru-municipality-kenya. Accessed 23 Dec. 2024.
SAWE, JUDITH . "Effects Of Different Feeding Options On Infants Born To Hiv Positive Mothers In Nakuru Municipality, Kenya". Afribary, Afribary, 28 May. 2021. Web. 23 Dec. 2024. < https://afribary.com/works/effects-of-different-feeding-options-on-infants-born-to-hiv-positive-mothers-in-nakuru-municipality-kenya >.
SAWE, JUDITH . "Effects Of Different Feeding Options On Infants Born To Hiv Positive Mothers In Nakuru Municipality, Kenya" Afribary (2021). Accessed December 23, 2024. https://afribary.com/works/effects-of-different-feeding-options-on-infants-born-to-hiv-positive-mothers-in-nakuru-municipality-kenya