Factors Influencing Mental Disorders Among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Health Facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi District, Western Uganda.

ABSTRACT Background: Mental illness affects many health related outcomes for an HIV positive individual and the prevalence of anxiety, depression and substance abuse is higher among people living with HIV/AIDS than in the general population. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to investigate the factors influencing mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDS attending health facilities in Bushenyi. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive survey where both qualitative and quantitative approaches of data collection and analysis. The study population was 180, selected using purposive sampling. The data analysis was done using Statistical package for social scientists (SPSS. 20). Results: The major findings indicated results that under the Socio-demographic factors; Females representing a high number of consistent values/ responses with 112.75, Age by 50 years with 126.00, Under Marital status, the Separated category with 120.25. Then Education, Post graduate level respondents representing a high number of consistent values with 117.50.Ander under Economic status above 1000,000 UGX earners representing with 114.25.Regarding variation/ relation between the study variables/ attributes, the study presented high correlation both amongst variables and within classes with Age Gender, marital status, Education with and Economic status. They also showed a positive relationship between Socio-demographic factors and prevalence of Mental Disorders among PLWHA (r = 0.432, P-value < 0.01) and (R= 0.451) and the variables explained 20.4% of the variance of Mental Disorders (R Square =.20.4). Conclusion/Recommendation: The study recommends for a need to reduce on division of sexes among patients and equally care for all patients whether young, female or male, old and young in order to reduce on the population of persons living with mental disorders and HIV/AIDS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION............................................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................. ii

DEDICATION..............................................................................................................................iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................... vi

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................. xii

CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1

1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 introduction of the study sector......................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Background to the study ................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Problem Statement............................................................................................................................ 3

1.4 Study Objectives............................................................................................................................... 4

1.4.1 Broad objective .............................................................................................................................. 4

1.4.2 Specific objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5

1.5. Research Questions.......................................................................................................................... 5

1.6 Scope of the Study ...................................................................................................................... 5

1.6.1 Subject Scope................................................................................................................................. 5

1.6.2 Geographical Scope ....................................................................................................................... 5

1.6.3 Time Scope .................................................................................................................................... 5

1.7 Significance of the study................................................................................................................... 5

1.8 Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 8

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 8

2.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Prevalence of mental disorders among PLWHA............................................................................... 8

2.2 Socio-demographic factors influencing mental disorders among PLWHA..................................... 10

viii

2.5.1 Institutional Factors influencing mental disorders among PLWHA............................................. 13

CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................... 15

METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 15

3.0 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 15

3.1 Research Design ............................................................................................................................. 15

3.2 Study Population............................................................................................................................. 15

3.3 Sample Size..................................................................................................................................... 15

3.4 Sampling Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 16

3.5 Data collection Methods ................................................................................................................. 16

3.6 Quality Control ............................................................................................................................... 16

3.6.1 Training of data collection team................................................................................................... 16

3.6.2 Pre-testing of questionnaires........................................................................................................ 17

3.7 Validity and reliability of research instruments............................................................................... 17

3.7.1 Reliability .................................................................................................................................... 17

3.7.2 Validity........................................................................................................................................ 17

3.8 Data process and analysis................................................................................................................ 17

3.9 Ethical considerations..................................................................................................................... 18

3.10 Limitations of the study ................................................................................................................ 18

CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................................... 19

RESULTS .................................................................................................................................... 19

4.0 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 19

4.1 Prevalence of the mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs attending health

facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district................................................................................................ 19

4.2 Socio-demographic factors influencing mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs

attending health facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district...................................................................... 20

4. 2.1: The Regression analysis of Socio-demographic and institutional factors on the prevalence of

Mental Disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs ...................................................................... 22

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4.2.2 Factor Loadings of Socio-demographic factors............................................................................ 23

4.3 Institutional factors influencing mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs attending

health facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district. .................................................................................... 25

CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................ 27

DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................................. 27

5.0 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 27

5.1 Prevalence of the mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs attending health

facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district.................................................................................... 27

5.2 Socio-demographic factors influencing mental disorders among persons living with

HIV/AIDs attending health facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district. ...................................... 27

5.3 Institutional factors influencing mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs attending

health facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district. .................................................................................... 29

CHAPTER SIX ........................................................................................................................... 31

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................... 31

6.0 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 31

6.1 Conclusions..................................................................................................................................... 31

6.1.1 Prevalence of the mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs attending health

facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district................................................................................................ 31

6.1.2 Institutional factors influencing mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs attending

health facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district. .................................................................................... 31

6.1.3 Institutional factors influencing mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs attending

health facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district. .................................................................................... 31

6.2 Recommendations........................................................................................................................... 32

6.2.1 Prevalence of the mental disorders among persons living with HIV/AIDs attending health

facilities in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district................................................................................................ 32

6.2.2 The Socio-demographic factors among persons living with HIV/AIDs attending health facilities

in Bushenyi, Bushenyi district. ............................................................................................................. 32

6.2.3 The Institutional influences and the prevalence of Mental Disorders among persons living with

HIV/AIDs ............................................................................................................................................. 33