ABSTRACT HIV infection increases nutritional demands and vulnerability to malnutrition. Malnutrition worsens the effects of HIV infection by weakening further the body’s immune system, resulting in earlier and faster progression to the end stage of AIDS. Food supplementation especially with essential elements improves nutritional and clinical status of PLWHA and may delay early use of ARVs. Although high levels of essential elements have been recorded in some indigenous foods, translating p...
ABSTRACT Sewage treatment plants (WTPs) use a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes to reduce the pollutant loads in wastewater. The treated wastewater is then either discharged to surface water or is reused. Successive stages in wastewater treatment plants reduce the quantity of suspended solids, biological contaminants, organic matter content and nutrient constituents in sewage. Changes in the properties of the effluents can occur along the treatment process leading to ...
ABS TRACT Microsatellite markers are increasingly being used in crop plants to discriminate among genotypes and as tools in marker-assisted selection. In this study microsatellite markers were used to quantify the genetic diversity within as well as among 200 accessions sampled from sorghum germplasm collection at Tanzania National gene bank germplasm collection of sorghum. Although all methods did not provide similar description of relationships between accessions, there existed some consist...
ABSTRACT For many years mining has been a vital component of the development of many countries. Although an important income generator, mining is one of the factors that affect biodiversity and ecosystems.There is an increase in the intensity of environmental damage caused by mining over the years, and thus an increased need to rehabilitate the disturbed ecosystems. The success of any rehabilitation project requires an ecological understanding of natural indigenous vegetation communities. Thi...
ABSTRACT Mistletoes have detrimental effects in ecosystems where they occur. Mistletoes negatively reduce the growth of the host plants and increase the chance of tree mortality. Apart from tree mortality, infected trees suffer from reduced growth and loss of vigor hence contributing to overall low productivity of hosts and resulting in changes in the structure and function of savanna communities. This study’s aim was to determine and to compare mistletoe - host interactions between the Bot...
ABSTRACT The importance of the public transit system has been growing increasingly in order to achieve smooth traffic in urban areas. One of the most used transit systems is the bus transit system. In this study, the author aims to follow two points focusing on the role of the bus transit system as public transportation. The first point is to review how to treat and to clarify the significance of the bus transit system with exclusive bus-ways in public transportation planning. The second is...
ABSTRACT Cucurbits are susceptible to over 35 plant viruses; each of these viruses is capable of causing total crop failure in a poorly managed virus pathosystem. The objectives of this study were to detect the viruses that infect six cucurbit species in the coastal savannah zone of Ghana and to describe the spatial and temporal spread patterns of virus epidemics in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) by the use of mathematical and geostatistical models. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), waterme...
a a m a 1* Sanga cow with a chronic skin disease. The two off side quarters of her udder arc useless because of mastitis, but has not been culled from the herd because of her fertility, 2* Small boys herding calves. 5. Weaning - Oanga calf with toot dangling: in front of the muzzle. k» A Sanga heifer that is infested with ticks. 5. Sanga cows switching their tails to drive off flies. 6. Calf preliminarily suckling dam before she is hand-milked. The milJeer is seen in the background ®ith the...
INTRODUCTION An adequate knowledge of the chemical reactions which occur when fertilizer is placed in soils is a pre-requisite to the development of sound fertilizer practices. Without such a knowledge, there is the possibility of applying either too much or too little fertilizer than is necessary with its consequent crop failure. Phosphorus is one of the major nutrient elements required by plants for growth. The role of phosphorus in plant nutrition includes its effect on cell division, flow...
ABSTRACT There is an overwhelming evidence to suggest that environmental change drives conflicts, and that resource depletion and degradation undermine food security and livelihood wellbeing in communities where people are dependent on land and water resources. Therefore, understanding the vulnerability, food security, adaptation and resilience aspects of climate shocks in the context of land degradation and conflicts has immense practical significance particularly in the climateimpacted and ...
ABSTRACT The important contribution of Women in the Northern Region of Ghana to Agricultural Production, processing and marketing cannot be overlooked. Available data and personal observation show that women do most of the work on the farm. Women in direct food production either help their husbands on the farm or are themselves owners of farms. Farm activities (such as planting, weeding, fertilizer application, threshing and storage) are done by women. In addition, they are responsible for ...
ABSTRACT This study attempted to compare and contrast the effectiveness of the extension delivery systems available to farmers and staff of two agricultural institutions namely:- The Ministry of Agriculture (Government controlled and financed) and the Ghana Tobacco Company limited (a private participation). Specifically^ the study was designed to determines (1) The extension teaching methods used by the two organizations. (2 ) Farmers source of farm information. (3) The degree of contact betw...
ABSTRACT The task of agricultural extension in Africa will for some time be mainly concerned with the transfer of agricultural technologies to farmers, This is because of the pressure on farmers to increase food production rapidly to match population increases and Agricultural Extension Services' belief that improved food production technologies do exist which, if adopted by the farmers, would significantly increase their food production from the present levels. Farmers' participation with ...
ABSTRACT Inefficiencies in maize production do not only have adverse effect on the output of maize but it also poses a serious threat to income generation, food security and the general welfare of the people. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the level and determinants of technical efficiency of maize farmers. The proportionate stratified and simple random technique was used to select 306 maize farmers. Descriptive statistics was used to describe farm and farmer specific characte...
ABSTRACT The series of investigations carried out into the blast disease of oil palm seedlings, a disease of high economic importance, showed that the disease was widespread in nurseries throughout south-westem Nigeria, The disease was prevalent between October of the year of planting and March of the following year and appeared to be severest in November and Deeember. The incidence of the disease was lower among seedlings planted into the nursery at the beginning of the rainy season in April...