EXTENDED ABSTRACT Copwpea, (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), belonging to the family Fabaceae, is one of the most important food legumes in semi-arid areas. It is a multipurpose crop with immense nutritional value and has significant potential to address malnutrition. However, the parasitic weed Alectra vogelii poses major threat to cowpea productivity throughout tropical and sub-tropical Africa. A. vogelii has developed strains specific to cowpea. Effective control of damage caused by A. vogell...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta is a destructive and highly invasive insect pest of tomato and other solanaceous plants including plants in the family Fabaceae like beans. The range of host for the moth is extensive requiring in-depth surveys on both solanaceous and Fabaceae crops along with weeds to fully understand it. This study was aimed at understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of the moth along the Uluguru Mountains in Morogoro. The moth preference to alternati...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine status of wheat stem rust disease in Tanzania and how the available wheat varieties react to the prevailing isolates of this disease. The study aimed at identifying isolates groups and resistant varieties, and draw implications for farmers, research and extension. Wheat stem rust disease survey was conducted in twenty fields from Manyara, Mbeya, Iringa Kilimanjaro and Arusha regions. Of all the fields surveyed 60% were infected by stem rust dise...
ABSTRACT Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are listed among the major fruit pests distributed in all fruit growing areas of the world. Fruit flies compete with human beings for food resources by causing direct damage to fruits and vegetables. The damage they cause brings about negative economic and social impacts to man since he depends on fruits for important food nutrients, employment and income. The fruit fly problem in Tanzania and Africa has been aggravated since the invasion of the ne...
ABSTRACT The experiments were conducted using 13 rice genotypes from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and commonly grown variety (SARO 5) as a check during April-June 2012 growing season at three rice irrigation schemes of Zanzibar. The aim was to estimate genetic variability, heritability and interrelationships among yield components of genotypes so as to identify potential lines for improvement and production. RCBD with three replications at each site was used. ANOVA showed si...
Introduction Over-exploitation and habitat destruction have become a major limitation to production, marketing and usage of botanical pesticides. In Tanzania, Commiphora swynnertonii and Synadenium glaucescens have been reported to be disappearing very fast. There is a need ii to develop a technique that will ensure sustainable availability of these plants. The current study, therefore aimed at enhancing mass propagation and fungicidal effectiveness of C. swynnertonii and S. glaucescens agai...
ABSTRACT Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a food security crop for most of the populations in the tropical regions of the world, where it ranks fourth as a source of energy, after rice, sugar cane and maize. Twelve cassava genotypes were evaluated to assess genetic variability for root yield and its components at three locations (Naliendele, Mtopwa and Nachingwea) in the Southern zone of Tanzania, during 2011 - 2012 cropping season. This research was carried out to study the stability p...
ABSTRACT Two field experiments were conducted during the growing season of 2018/2019 at Zanzibar Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI) Unguja and Pemba. The objective of the experiment was to explore the potentiality of optimizing land productivity through intercropping cassava with sweet potato on limited land available. The experiment was a split-split plot laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Improved cassava variety 'Kizimbani' was intercropped w...
ABSTRACT Simple sequence repeat (SSR) microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic variation of 70 samples of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces grown in Tanzania. The objective of the study was to assess the extent of genetic variation in traditional rice varieties and establish their genetic relationships for developing breeding strategies. Ten (10) SSR markers were found to be polymorphic with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 6 alleles. Variability in the number of alleles was obtaine...
ABSTRACT The study on the response of common bean genotypes to rhizobia inoculation and effects of P and N on biological nitrogen fixation was carried out in field and Screen house experiments. Field experiments arranged in a split-split plot design were conducted to (a) Screen 16 common bean genotypes for capacity to fix nitrogen when inoculated with Rhizobium inoculants and (b) Assess genotype by environment interaction (G x E) on biological nitrogen fixation. The locations were the main-p...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Field investigations on the occurrence, incidence and damage severity of the Citrus Leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on Citrus crops were conducted in Morogoro Rural, Muheza and Kinondoni districts from December 2011 to September 2012. Fifty citrus fields were randomly selected in each of Morogoro Rural and Muheza districts from which 10 000 trees (>5 years old) were examined for leafminer damage signs. A total of 25 seedling nurseries...
ABSTRACT Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is accepted globally as a major food crop. It is a staple food crop in many countries in Africa. There has been an increasing demand of rice in Africa. Africa consumes 11.6 million tonnes of rice per annum and out of 39 rice producing countries, 21 import 50 to 99 percent of their rice requirements. The inability to reach the yield potential that would sustain Africa’s need for rice is due to many biotic and abiotic constraints that rice production faces. In...
ABSTRACT Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) is the most important pest constraint of rice in Tanzania and other sub Saharan Africa countries. Fertilizer management is recommended to minimize incidence and development of the disease in affected rice ecosystems. Field research was carried out in the 2014 cropping season at Sokoine University of Agriculture to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the development of RYMV and grain yield of rice. Split-split plot in a randomized complete ...
ABSTRACT The field experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of bean plant population under conservation and conventional tillage systems in suppressing weeds in maize-bean intercropping systems was conducted at the Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI) for the 2010 short rains and 2011 long rains season. A split-split plot experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The main treatments were: the conventional and conservation till...
ABSTRACT Common bean anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causes significant yield losses. It is most destructive in areas with cool temperatures and high humidity (90 - 100 %). The aim of the study was to introgress resistance gene into adapted but susceptible local cultivars Masai Red and Soya Njano using conventional breeding methods. Five races of C. lindemuthianum were isolated and named, from thirty two common bean diseased plants samples collected fro...