Abstract A gas-fired oven for commercial production of bread was designed and constructed using locally available material, and was subjected to various'tests to come out with its performance characteristics. Itsperformance was evaluated and then compared withsrespect to the total time required to bake a specified mass of white flour dough using the gas oven with that used by clay wood fired oven for the same mass of white flour dough. ., The outcome of the test result indicated that the ni&x...
Abstract: Fiscal regimes are very important in the global Petroleum Exploration and Production (E&P) industry. They sharpen policies, management strategies and revenue (take) by governments while defining the attractiveness of the industry to investors. One of the major parameters in fiscal regimes is royalty oil, which could be fixed or adjustable on a sliding scale. Nigeria, which has used fixed royalty scale since the first oil in 1958, is now proposing a change to the sliding royalty scal...
AUST.RACT An -elnpTricaZ'-eq"uarlon that could be used for predicting the viscosity of Nigerian crudes is presented in this paper. The correlation uses oil specific gravity as the main correlating parameter, and also incorporates the effects of reservoir pressure, temperature and oil formation volume factor. ' i 'i _. . Dcua from well over 400 samples of Nigerian crudes wae used for developing the correlation, with most samples however, from reservoirs alar above saturation pressure. The resu...
Abstract The capture and storage 0/ carbo II dioxide (eeS) produced durtng the combusuon of fossil fuels 110· offers one option/or attaming large scale reductions in the enusstons of greenhouse gases and thus. promote a clean environment. It IS 1101l' becoming clear that ees technologies could promote the use or consumption of fossilfuels than otherwise previouslv thought. Tills paper presents an OI'er,lel" of the techniques Involved 111 the capture and sequestration of carbondioxideic'Oi)....
Abstract Heptanes plus fractions have strong effects on the physical properties and phase behaviour of petroleum fluids. It is therefore very important to properly characterize plus fractions. A step to achieving improved characterization is to obtain more realistic molecular weights. Most of the current methods of heptanes plus characterization assume their molecular weights are accurate. However, what is commonly measured in the laboratory is the molecular weight of the complete fluid; the ...
Abstract Subsurface oil viscosity data are usually 110t readily available for most reservoirs, as they are expensive to acquire. On the other hand, surface oil viscosity is routinely measured and therefore readily available for all producing wells. A method has been developed for converting the surface viscosity to reservoir viscosity data, using SPDC's "Field A" as a case study. Surface oil viscosity data from all producing wells in "Field A" where collected from SPDC-West Production Chemist...
ABSTRACT Sand production is a major issue during oil and gas production from unconsolidated reservoirs. In predicting the onset of sand production. it is important to accurately determine the failure mechanism and the contributing parameters. The aim of this study wa to determine sand failure mechanism in the Niger-Delta. identify the major contributing parameters and evaluate their effects on sanding. Completion and production data from 78 strings completed on 22 reservoirs in a Niger Delta ...
Abstract Effects of liquid holdup on hydrocarbon production in tapered tubing string using Niger Delta fluid properties was undertaken in this work. Oil reservoir fluids flow to the surface as a multicomponent fluid in pipes during production. Multiphase flow occurs due to the density of different phases involved in reservoir fluid and each fluid phase flow at different velocity. In this study, analytically developed equations and existing fluid correlations were used for determination of pr...
ABSTRACT The study area which is the Niger Delta Province is predominantly an unconsolidated sandstone terrain, the sand grains are friable suggesting the expectation of some geomechanical problems while developing hydrocarbon reserves in such terrain. In this study, the geomechanical property used to measure rock strength (i.e. unconfined compressive strength) was evaluated by using three principal methods. Critical drawdown pressure (CDP) and sand production rate were also evaluated. First...
ABSTRACT Niger Delta Province is predominantly a friable, unconsolidated sandstone terrain suggesting the expectation of sand production while developing hydrocarbon reserves in such terrain. In this study, a simple and easy-to-use mechanistic model for predicting sand production rate (SPR) in Niger-Delta wells was developed by coupling the static sanding criteria and the dynamic requirement for fluidization of the produced sand. A generic mechanistic model that incorporates the concept of d...
ABSTRACT New equations for bilinear, formation linear and pseudo-radial flow regimes in an infinite commingled fractured multilayered reservoir have been developed. The equations have been extended to Tiab’s Direct Synthesis Technique that makes it easy to estimate the individual layer properties without type curve matching. Regardless of the flow regime, the rate normalized pressure derivative with respect to the appropriate time function has been found analytically to be constant, which ...
ABSTRACT Increasing oil recovery has been one of the issues enlisted for attention in oil producing countries around the world for past decades. So many forms of oil recovery techniques have been considered; infill drilling of new wells, production and injection control, pressure control, water flooding and other methods of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), most of which have been implemented in other parts of the world. Nigeria as an oil producing country has not taken interest in EOR techniques ...
ABSTRACT The use of horizontal wells with zonal isolations is a common completion practice in the oil and gas industry to check for very significant production challenges such as wellbore damage/skin, early water breakthrough and gas coning, rapid pressure depletion, dampened recovery efficiency and overall well productivity. Notwithstanding, the use of zonal isolators invariably alters the transient pressure response of horizontal wells. In this research, the use of well test analysis has b...
ABSTRACT This study investigated transient flow response of heavy oil that exhibit Bingham fluid characteristics. Four wellbore conditions in naturally fractured reservoirs were considered which include horizontal well, hydraulically fractured well, partially penetrating and fully penetrating vertical wells. Physical models were established and corresponding mathematical models were presented taking cognisance of minimum threshold pressure,𝜆𝐵. The model was solved analytically by succe...
ABSTRACT Waterflooding is one of the most common secondary recovery mechanisms available for improving oil recovery from known accumulations. Due to the limitation of available water for injection, there's a need to optimize the use of this limited resource. To this end, a methodology has been developed to allocate injection water to more efficient wells than to those of lower efficiency. Streamline simulation is a complementary tool to conventional finite difference simulation, provides a q...