ABSTRACT Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a cause of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is becoming a concern to most Surgeons. Tanzania is listed in the top 10 countries most affected by HIV in sub-Saharan. Iringa region is mentioned the second in top 3 regions most affected in Tanzania.So far the burden of HIV in patients undergoing Emergency Laparotomy inTanzania has not been clearly audited. This is a Hospital-based Prospective Cohort study design involving HIV infected patients who h...
ABSTRACT Background: The management of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer is more challenging in low income countries. Bilateral Orchidectomy is useful method in achieving surgical castration for treatment of prostate cancer in Tanzania. Little is known about its early outcome, and there is limited understanding of patients care outcomes, which have potential to improve quality of life of patients post-operatively. Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine early outcome foll...
ABSTRACT Aural myiasis refers to the infestation of the ear by the larvae of certain dipterous flies. The disease-producing flies prefer a warm and humid environment and higher incidence occur in tropics and subtropics of Africa and America. Aural myiasis is rare during neonatal life and children with tendencies of poking the ear need immediate review by otorhinolaryngologists for thorough otological review. The objective is thus to report the case of a 24-day old neonate who was diagnosed to...
ABSTRACT Introduction; Diabetic foot ulcer and amputation remains very common in Diabetics worldwide and extremely affect patient’s quality of life. It has been proven that DFU can be prevented through education on DM and foot care practice, screening of diabetics and early intervention. Objective; to stratify risk factors for DFU and assess knowledge on foot care practice among Diabetics attending Tumbi and Dodoma Regional Referral Hospitals. Method; Hospital based cross sectional descrip...
ABSTRACT Background: Diarrhea is still a major cause of disease burden worldwide. Very limited information is available about the burden, etiology and factors associated with bacterial diarrhea in individual aged 5 years and above in Tanzania. Therefore this study was conducted to fill this gap. Methods: Across sectional analytical study was conducted among individuals 5 years and above presenting with diarrhea at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital and St Gemma’s Hospital from February 201...
Abstract Objective: Chronic suppurative otitis media is among the most common otological condition reported in otorhinolaryngology practice commonly attributing to preventable hearing loss. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and etiological agents for chronic suppurative otitis media in our department. Results: A total of 5591 patients were recruited in this study and only 79 (1.4%) had chronic suppurative otitis media. A male preponderance 43 (54.4%) was noted in this stud...
ABSTRACT Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, microbial and sensitivity configuration at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital. Objective: To identify the incidence, risk factors, common microorganisms causing surgical site infection and antimicrobial sensitivity at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital Methods: A prospective hospital based study was conducted at Dodoma Regional Hospita...
ABSTRACT Background Paediatric head and neck cancers represent an important group of childhood cancers that require maximum attention at large. They are often diagnosed at advanced clinical stages at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Objective To describe the clinical profile of paediatric head and neck cancers at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania Method A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 180 paediatric patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS program ver...
ABSTRACT Background: Traumatic brain Injuries represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, road traffic accident accounting a significant proportion of these injuries. However access to neurological care is poor in low income Countries including Tanzania. Objective: To determine the causes, severity and early treatment outcome of TBI among patient admitted at Iringa and Dodoma regional referral hospitals, Tanzania Methodology: Cross-section, prospective study, Study,...
ABSTRACT Background: Secondary Peritonitis is a familiarcondition surgeonfaces in daily clinical practice with high morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis. Its outcome depends on the interface of many factors, including patient, surgeon's and institutional factors,etc.Early initiation of specific therapeutic procedures predicts a good outcome. There is no locally acceptable surgical outcome predictor to minimize morbidity and mortality and improve resuscitation outcome for high-risk patien...
ABSTRACT Background: Cryptococcal Meningitis (CM) is the most common central nervous system (CNS) manifestation encountered in advanced HIV/AIDS patients. In low resource settings, it has high documented mortality rate at 2 and 10 weeks because of poor management of intracranial pressure (ICP), untimely ART initiation, and inappropriate antifungal regimen used during the induction phase. Objective: To evaluate the response of intravenous fluconazole monotherapy during the induction phase in...
ABSTRACT Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis smear-positive cases are expected to convert to negative sputum during treatment. Delayed sputum conversion and reversion prolong infectious period. Therefore, understanding associated factors for smear conversion and reversion will help to identify a patient with severe infectious pulmonary tuberculosis before or during treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine sputum conversion and reversion rates and their associated factors a...
ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence and mortality due to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) are estimated to be high in Sub-Saharan Africa. Effective haemodialysis reduces complications and promotes better outcomes. Achieving haemodialysis adequacy is challenging in haemodialysis management. In Tanzania, little is known on hemodialysis adequacy in patients with ESKD particularly in Dodoma city. Haemodialysis adequacy refers to the dose of dialysis measured enough to uphold an optimal long-term ...
ABSTRACT Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are preventable complications following surgery cause significant burden in terms of patient morbidity, mortality and increased cost of treatment. Very few studies have been published on the efficacy of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of SSIs in our country and the practice is mostly not well established in our hospitals including DRRH. Objective: To determine association between surgical antibiotic prophylaxis practices...
ABSTRACT Background: Although relatively rare, pelvic fractures signify major trauma that are frequently associated with multiple injuries, threat to life and poor functional outcome. This study aimed to establish poor outcome determinants in traumatic pelvic fracture patients admitted and treated at three urban PNFP Hospitals in Kampala.