ABSTRACT Iron is the single element used in industries in larger quantities than all the other metallic elements combined. This is because of the very wide applications of the metal in manufacture of machinery, vehicles, utensils, trains and train rails, ships and bars used in re-enforced concrete. Whereas the element occurs in more than 80 minerals, only a small number is important as a source of iron. However, even these must be concentrated to make them suitable for putting in a blast fur...
ABSTRACT The quality of cement as a binding material in building and construction depends on many factors. Among the most important is its resistivity to the aggressive environment and its strength. The most aggressive ions to reinforced concrete are Cland SO4 2- . This study investigated the diffusivity of these ions into mortar made from a mixture of ground calcined clay bricks from Kibwezi region (GB) vis-a-vis ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Commercial Portland Pozzolana cement (PPC)....
ABSTRACT Cross section studies are important as they supply fundamental level researchers with necessary information and predictions for their experiments. Once experimental measurements agree with some prediction, the theoretical model yielding the prediction is then applied to other situations and finally validated. Very few studies have been made on electron impact double excitation of (2s2) 1S and (2s2p) 1P states of helium and even the results obtained in these studies do not agree among...
Abstract Soil and water resources are important for sustaining life on earth since they are the main components of sub catchment, however they are under threat of deterioration due to human activities (NEMA, 2011). Maziba sub catchment have high population pressure which have led to deforestation, over cultivation and wetland encroachment leading to soil erosion problems causing severe tension on soil and water resources while little attention is paid to their effects (NEMA, 2011). The purpos...
ABSTRACT The ashes of different types of agricultural biomasses from Githurai market and rice husks collected from Mwea, have been analyzed for their inorganic elements content using both Atomic Absorption and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopic Techniques. The results show that ash content of various agro-waste ranges from 3.31± 0.10% to 23.92±0.39% with rice husks having 23.92±0.39%. Further analysis on the ashes show that some biomaterials contain very high levels of K2O and Na2O, for inst...
ABSTRACT Solar energy is deemed the single energy resource that is continuously decreasing in price (by 75%), increasing in utility and could effectively contribute to sustainable watershed management. In Kenya, there is an observed acceptance of Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Home Systems (SHS) as the best-fit form of energy to meet rural energy demand. This could potentially displace rural predisposition to woodfuels and paraffin and cumulatively, reduce environmental vulnerability. Photovolt...
ABSTRACT Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death world-wide despite the vigorous campaigns that have been made to combat them. This has been occasioned by drastic growth of drug resistant pathogens. Phytomedicines derived from plants have shown the ability to overcome resistance in some organisms and great promise in the treatment of intractable infectious diseases. Plant based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source of medicines and a further exploration of plant antimicro...
ABSTRACT The presence of heavy metals in water due to anthropogenic and natural sources is widespread with serious effects on surface and ground water sources. There is the risk of accumulation of these metals in the body after ingestion of such waters for a long duration of time even when the concentration is low. This is because metals interfere with the functioning of body enzymes and/or bio-accumulate in hard and soft tissues in the body. There is a growing need for more clean water with ...
ABSTRACT Post-harvest pesticides applied to consumable foodstuffs usually pose a serious but silent threat to human and livestock health. Some pesticides accumulate slowly in various strata of the ecosystem causing irreparable damage to the environment and wildlife. In Kenya huge quantities of these pesticides are used to preserve maize grains during storage. The amount of pesticide residues consumed through maize grains and its products depend on ambient storage conditions of grains, the nat...
ABSTRACT Ground gravity survey covering an area of 60km2 in Kimachia and Mbeu, area of Tigania- West Sub-County of Meru County, Kenya was conducted to establish iron ore extent in the area. A Sodin 410 gravimeter was used to measure the gravity field‟s variations in the 278 established stations. At each station the location coordinates and elevation were obtained using Global Positioning System, Garmin 45 model. The time of measurement at each station was also recorded. Gravity reducti...
ABSTRACT The somatic and genetic effects of 2.45 GHz Microwave radiation (MWR) on male and female Sprague Dawley rats were studied. Two hundred rats were used for this study. They were grouped into control and exposed according to the parameters under consideration. The animals were exposed to various levels of specific absorption rate (SARs) using the microwave generator, model ER660E, Serial No MX704CCR from Toshiba UK Ltd. All animals were kept in healthy, and radiation free environment w...
ABSTRACT In this research field line resonance (FLR) phenomenon have been investigated to occur in earth‟s magnetosphere, and that is for a further verification of this phenomenon via data analysis. FLR could be generated in a specific plasma medium, e.g. generated via a fast mode wave within the coupling system of solar wind- earth‟s magnetosphere (SW-M). Hence, many previous studies have focused on studying the FLR in earth‟s magnetosphere because of the importance of this phenom...
ABSTRACT A study of the two stable isotopes of helium at low temperature was done using statistical mechanics approach. It was assumed that pairs of ~He - iH e were formed creating a new particle in the mixture. Such a mixture exhibits quantum effects at temperatures close to 0 K. A model of pair interaction was used. The partition function of the mixture was used in establishing the chemical potential of the mixture. The case of a particle in a cube of known volume was used. An expression of...
Abstract The need for a remote control system that can control domestic appliances and various lighting points and sockets has often been a concern for users. At times users find it inconvenient and time consuming to go around turning their appliances on or off each time there is power outage or each time they are leaving the house for work. It has also often led to damage of appliances due to the fact that an appliance was not turned off before leaving the house. The Objective of putting up...
ABSTRACT A wireless remote weather station is an ideal solution for knowing the weather conditions at a specific remote location. Weather forecasts are informative, but they are only a forecast. With a Remote Weather Station, one would always know the exact weather conditions from where ever the Remote Weather Station is located. This project seeks to devise a simple low-cost microcontroller-based remote weather station that measures weather conditions using sensors to measure temperature, h...