Abstract: The consumption of raw meat has associated with cultural practices and widespread raw beef consumption habit that can be a potential source for food borne illnesses in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study was intended to assess microbiological contamination and associated risk factors in Bekoji town. A cross sectional study was employed whereby a simple random sampling of Butcher shops in Bekoji Town. The cattle (muscle, liver, and intestine) meat samples were collected aseptical...
Abstract: Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties are the biological activity of natural compoundsisolated from medicinal plants that are rich source of novel drugs. Endophytic fungi are a potential source of novel bioactive compounds. The present study investigates antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi from fennel (Insilali) seeds and leaves. The antioxidant activity was conducted based on determination of phenolic content, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen...
Abstract: The present study was aimed at analyzing the chemical composition of the crude extract of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) cladode and examine its suitability for fungal culture media. For this purpose cactus pear cladode samples were collected from Haramaya University campus Model School area. The chemical composition analysis was done according to standard procedures. The growth of five fungal species (R. stoloinfer ATCC 1052, P. digitatum ATCC 2560, A. niger ATCC 1232, T. a...
Abstract: Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) belongs to the family Musaceae, and is one of the oldest cultivated herbaceous and monocarpic banana-like food security crops in Ethiopia. Microbes which colonize living internal tissues of plants without causing any harm to their host can be used for testing their antioxidant potential under controlled conditions. These microbes protect their hosts from adverse conditions by secreting bioactive secondary metabolites. Therefor, the presen...
Abstract: Water is natural resources and is essentially to sustain life. Poor drinking water quality has been linked to several diseases of man particularly in developing countries, where availability of potable water is a big challenge. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the biological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water at NegaleArsiWoreda.A total of 72 water samples were collected from deep well water. The analysis demonstrated that all the water samples in the study area...
Abstract: Microbial keratinases are keratinolytic enzymes widely used in many industrial processes and management of wastes. This study was conducted with the aim of isolation of efficient keratinase producing bacteria form the soils of chicken feather-dumping sites and human hair-dumping places, determining optimum keratinase production conditions and partially characterizing the stability and activity of keratinase with regards to some physicochemical parameters. Plating of soil sample sus...
Abstract: Cellulases are the type of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose and related oligosaccharide derivatives, is considered a potential tool for industrial saccharification of cellulosic biomass. The production of bio-based products and bioenergy from less costly renewable lignocellulosic materials would bring benefits to the local economy, environment, and national energy security. The processed enset (kocho and bulla) are rich in carbohydrates, and fiber and some mineral...
Abstract: Endophytic fungi represent a wide diversity of microbial adaptations that have evolved in special and unusual environments, making them a great source of study and research for new drugs for medical, industrial, and agriculture uses.The present study was undertaken to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungalextracts ofkoseret leaf and seeds.The leaf and seed samples collected from the home gardens were used for endophyte fungal extraction.Endophytes ...
Abstract: Tella” is one of the important Ethiopian traditional beverages, which is prepared from different ingredients. Ingredients of tella are one of the major important sources of the isolation of dominant yeast from the local alcoholic beverages. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the major source of dominant yeast cells by identifying them in the ingredients of tellasuch as; gesho, bikil, tense, difdif and compared within that of bakery yeast. The collected samples were proc...
Abstract: Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are among the most widely consumed fruits for its asociated health benefits. Endophytic fungi are groups of fungi with very specific ecosystem inside plant tissues and produces varieties of secondary metabolites with medicinal and nutraceutical applications. The present study was undertaken to investigate production of bioactive extracts with antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials activities of endopytic fungi from red grape peel and seed. The antioxida...
Abstract: Cowpea is a multipurpose legume crop that serves as human food, livestock fodder, and income source and is widely produced in sub-Saharan Africa. Soil fertility and attack by insect pests and diseases are significant limitations to its production. Although farm inputs such as phosphate-rich fertilizers and pesticides can solve the mentioned constraints, they are costly for resource-poor farmers. This study aimed at determining the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation ...
Abstract: Phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria cause enormous crop yield losses worldwide. Over the years, management of plant pathogens has primarily relied on the use of synthetic chemical antimicrobials and development of disease resistant varieties. Exploration for biologically active compounds from plants with an aim of discovery and development of novel and eco-friendly biopesticides to combat current and emerging phytopathogens has received increased interest in the recent past. This st...
Abstract: Maize is a staple food crop in Kenya with about 90% of the rural households depending on it. However, the grain is vulnerable to degradation by mycotoxin producing fungi in the field and during storage. Mycotoxins produced by these fungi cause significant economic losses and deleterious health effects to humans and animals. Strategies such as storage of maize in hermetic bags have been developed to reduce post-harvest grain losses due to pest attack, fungal growth and mycotoxin con...
Abstract: Tsetse flies (Glossina sp) are the vector of African trypanosomes, the causative agents of sleeping sickness in man and Nagana in cattle. The insect is strictly hematophagous, taking in significantly high quantities of water during bloodmeals that present a considerable osmotic challenge. This necessitates machinery for eliminating excess water. One potential candidate is a group of membrane channel proteins called aquaporins (AQPs) that are responsible for the movement of water ac...
Abstract: Smallholder subsistence farming is important in the production of food crops for basic livelihoods and income generation in rural areas. However, yields have remained low due to high disease, weed and pest incidences. Currently, crop pests and diseases are largely controlled by use of chemicals, which have adverse effects on the environment and nontarget organisms. There is need for new methods that are environmentally safe to supplement existing control strategies in order to enha...