Postpartum Urinary Inconontinence and it Predisposing Factors in Enugu Metropolis

ABSTRACT 

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence and its predisposing factors in Enugu metropolis. The study adopted a cross sectional survey. A total of 864 postpartum mothers within the age range of 16 and 45 years, who gave their informed consent, were conveniently selected from the post-natal clinics of the nine public health institutions in Enugu metropolis. Women continence and pelvic health centre questionnaire was adopted. The questionnaire sought information on the continence status of the subject. Body mass index, waist-hip ratio, percentage body fat and percentage body water was also determined. The major findings revealed high prevalent rate (59.7%) of postpartum urinary incontinence, especially in those without formal education (78.7%), those who were centrally obese (100%) and (74.1%) of those within the age of 36years and above. Result showed a significant association (p0.05). It was also observed that most women affected (96%) do not seek for medical attention, higher percentage of those who sought medical attention (2.2%) are not referred for physiotherapy intervention which was confirmed to be effective in this research. Based on the findings of this study, it could be concluded that; educational attainment, age of the mother, baby weight, parity and obesity may be predisposing factors to urinary incontinence in postpartum mothers. It was thus recommended that there is a need to involve women’s health physiotherapist in maternal care.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page…. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. i

Approval page…. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. ii

Dedication…. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. iii

Acknowledgements…. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. iv

Abstract…. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. v

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study… … … … … … … 1

1.2 Statement of problem … … … … … … … … 3

1.3 Research Questions … … … … … … … … 4

1.4 Objectives of the study … … … … … … … 5

1.5 Significance of study … … … … … … … … 7

1.6 Delimitation of study… … … … … … … … 7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction … … … … … … … … … 8

2.1 Conceptual Framework … … … … … … … 8

2.1.1 Anatomy of the Pelvis… … … … … … … … 8

2.1.2. Physiology of Muscle Contraction … … … … … … 13

2.1.3 Urinary Incontinence and its Management... … … … … 16

2.1.4 Childbirth/Labour… … … … … … … … 30

2.1.5 Conceptual Model… … … … … … … … 33

2.2.2 Theoretical Framework… … … … … … … 35

2.3 Review of Empirical Literature… … … … … … 39

2.4 Summary of Literature Review … … … … … … 44

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Subjects/Sample…… … … … … … … … 46

3.1.1 Subject Description… … … … … … … … 46

3.1.2 Inclusion criteria… … … … … … … … 46

3.1.3 Exclusion Criteria… … … … … … … … 46

3.1.4 Target Population… … … … … … … … 47

3.1.5 Sampling Techniques… … … … … … … … 47

3.1.6 Sampling Size… … … … … … … … … 47

3.1.7 Location of Study… … … … … … … … 47

3.1.8 Area of Study… … … … … … … … … 48

3.2 Materials/Instrument … … … … … … … … 48

3.3 Ethical Consideration/Procedure... … … … … … 49

3.3.1 Ethical Consideration… … … … … … … … 49

3.3.2 Procedure…… … … … … … … … … 49

3.4 Data Analysis… … … … … … … … … 52

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

4.1 Results… … … … … … … … … … 53

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

5.1 Discussing of Finding… … … … … … … … 67

CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Summary… … … … … … … … … … 81

6.2 Conclusion… … … … … … … … … 82

6.3 Recommendations … … … … … … … … 82

Reference…… … … … … … … … … 84

Appendix 1… … … … … … … … … 97

Appendix 2… … … … … … … … … 99

Appendix 3… … … … … … … … … 106

Appendix 4: Letter of Recommendation.

Appendix 5: Ethical Clearance Certificate.

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APA

Consults, E. & CAESAR, C (2022). Postpartum Urinary Inconontinence and it Predisposing Factors in Enugu Metropolis. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/postpartum-urinary-inconontinence-and-it-predisposing-factors-in-enugu-metropolis

MLA 8th

Consults, Education, and CHUKWU CAESAR "Postpartum Urinary Inconontinence and it Predisposing Factors in Enugu Metropolis" Afribary. Afribary, 16 Dec. 2022, https://afribary.com/works/postpartum-urinary-inconontinence-and-it-predisposing-factors-in-enugu-metropolis. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

MLA7

Consults, Education, and CHUKWU CAESAR . "Postpartum Urinary Inconontinence and it Predisposing Factors in Enugu Metropolis". Afribary, Afribary, 16 Dec. 2022. Web. 24 Apr. 2024. < https://afribary.com/works/postpartum-urinary-inconontinence-and-it-predisposing-factors-in-enugu-metropolis >.

Chicago

Consults, Education and CAESAR, CHUKWU . "Postpartum Urinary Inconontinence and it Predisposing Factors in Enugu Metropolis" Afribary (2022). Accessed April 24, 2024. https://afribary.com/works/postpartum-urinary-inconontinence-and-it-predisposing-factors-in-enugu-metropolis