Prevalence and Correlates of Malaria in Pregnancy Among Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinic of Fort Portal Region Referral Hospital, Kabarole District (U)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................i

APPROVAL......................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................................................iv

DEDICATION.......................................................................................................................v

TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................................vi

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. viii

LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................ix

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................x

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................xi

ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ xii

CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................................1

1.0.INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................1

1.1.BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................2

1.2.PROBLEM STATEMENT..........................................................................................3

1.3.OBJECTIVES OF STUDY..........................................................................................4

1.3.1.BROAD OBJECTIVE ..............................................................................................4

1.3.2.SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.........................................................................................4

1.4. STUDY QUESTIONS ................................................................................................4

1.5. JUSTIFICATION........................................................................................................5

1.6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY...........................................................................................5

1.6.1. GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE .....................................................................................5

1.6.2. CONTENT SCOPE..................................................................................................5

1.6.3. TIME SCOPE ..........................................................................................................6

1.7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ...............................................................................6

1.8. EXPLANATION.........................................................................................................6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................6

2.0. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................6

2.1. PREVALENCE OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY. .................................................7

2.2. CORRELATES OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY ..................................................7

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ............................................................................10

3.0. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................10

vii

3.1. STUDY DESIGN......................................................................................................11

3.2. STUDY SITE............................................................................................................11

3.3. STUDY POPULATION ...........................................................................................11

3.3.1. INCLUSION CRITERIA.......................................................................................11

3.3.2. EXCLUSION CRITERIA......................................................................................11

3.4. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION .......................................................................11

3.5. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE ......................................................................................12

3.6. DATA COLLECTION TOOLS................................................................................12

3.7. STUDY PROCEDURE.............................................................................................12

3.8. QUALITY CONTROL.............................................................................................12

3.9. DATA ANALYSIS...................................................................................................12

3.10. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................13

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT...............................................................................................13

PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULT.............................................13

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSION OF RESULT, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS .....................................................................................................16

5.0. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................16

5.1. DISCUSION .............................................................................................................17

5.2. CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................18

5.3. RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................19

REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................19

APPENDIX 1: QUESTIONAIRE .......................................................................................22

APPENDIX 2: BUDGET.....................................................................................................24

APPENDIX 3: WORK PLAN .............................................................................................25

APPENDIX 4: MAP OF UGANDA SHOWING THE LOCATION OF KABAROLE

DISTRICT............................................................................................................................26

APPENDIX 5: RESEARCH LETTER................................................................................28

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics ........................................................................14

ABSTRACT According to the WHO estimates, released in December 2016, there were 212 million cases of malaria in 2015 and 429 000 deaths; between 2010 and 2015, malaria incidence among populations at risk fell by 21% globally; during the same period, malaria mortality rates among populations at risk decreased by 29%: An estimated 6.8 million malaria deaths have been averted globally since 2001(WHO, 2017). In order to apply successful implementations to eradicate malaria, there is a continuous need to understand the prevalence and correlates to malaria in pregnancy and despite the fact that a large number of studies done worldwide have identified a wide variety of correlates; socioeconomic, environmental, demographic, and others, associated with malaria infection in pregnancy, there is no data accessible about this subject in the study area hence the basis of conducting this research. To assess the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of malaria in pregnancy among women attending ANC clinic of Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending ANC clinic of Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital. A sample of 400 women using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions were involved in the study. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy among women attending ANC clinic in FPRRH was 31 (7.8%) [Those who had positive malaria test in the course of the current pregnancy]. Majority of the respondents 356 (89%) never had a positive malaria test (tested negative) in their current pregnancy and most of the respondents who tested positive for malaria parasites either by RDT or B/S were within the age group of 24-45 (71%), majority 22 (70.9%) had either not attained any level of education or ended in primary level, 25 (80.6%) were either unemployed or self-employed and 27 (87.1%) of them were married. As regards to religion, most of the respondents who tested positive for malaria 19 (61.3%) were either Catholics or Protestants and majority 18 (58.1%) resided in urban areas. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy among women attending ANC clinic in fort portal regional referral hospital was low and women of 24-45years of age, uneducated and primary school leavers, unemployed, primigravida, second trimester and those living in temporary buildings presented more positive result for malaria parasite.