Prevalence And Determinants Of Obesity Among In-School Adolescents In Selected Local Government Areas In Ibadan

ABSTRACT

Obesity, defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat, has become a worldwide health

concern. Globally, about 170 million children (aged < 18 years) were

estimated to be overweight and, in some countries, the number of overweight

children has tripled since 1980. Excess weight in childhood raises the

risk of excess weight into adulthood and, with it, the risk of earlier onset of

obesity-related chronic diseases. Overweight and obesity, as well as their

related complications, are largely preventable. No national statistics on

childhood obesity in Nigeria has been given. However, few studies on the  prevalence of childhood obesity in Nigeria

show values ranging from 0.4% - 6.9%, depending on the method of assessment and

locations of the studies. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence

and determinants of obesity among in-school adolescents in three selected local

government areas in Ibadan, Oyo State. 

The study was cross-sectional, descriptive in design. It was

carried out between July and September 2013, in three local government areas in

Ibadan. A multi-stage sampling was used to select the study participants. An

interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on

socio-demographic data, anthropometry, dietary pattern and habits, and physical

activity level. Data were also collected from 22 obese and 22 non-obese children for

identifying the risk factors associated with obesity in the children. The data were analyzed

using inferential and descriptive statistics. The anthropometric measures of

weight and height were used to derive the BMI-for-age using the WHO Anthroplus.

The TDA software was used to analyze the information from the 24-hour dietary

recall.

A total of 1,205 children between the ages of 14 and 19 years were recruited for this study.Six hundred and fifty-four (54.3%) of the students were males and 551 (45.7%) were females. The mean age, weight and height of the students were 6.14m. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study were 7.7% and 1.0%. 

The prevalence of obesity was higher in the girls and those from private schools. The mean energy intake was higher among the obese  There was a lower intake of vegetables and fruits and a higher intake of fast foods and carbonated drinks among the obese than in the non-obese. Also, the obese spent more time engaged in sedentary activities.

The low prevalence of obesity shows that undernutrition is the prevailing problem among in-school adolescents. Appropriate intervention on public awareness, behavioural changes regarding food habits and physical activity are recommended.

Keywords: Overweight, obesity, non-

obese, in-school adolescents, body mass index, energy intake, physical

activity, undernutrition

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study

1.2.Statement of the Problem

1.3.Justification for the Study

1.4.Objectives of the Study

1.5     Research Questions

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.Defining Overweight and Obesity

2.2Prevalence of Obesity

2.2.1.Global Prevalence

2.2.2.Prevalence in Africa

2.2.3.Prevalence in Nigeria

2.3.Risk Factors for Obesity

2.3.1.Race, Ethnicity, and Societal Factors

2.3.2.Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviours

2.3.3.Developmental Factors

2.3.4.Dietary Factors

2.3.5.Genetic Factors

2.4.Complications of Obesity

2.4.1.Cardiovascular Consequences

2.4.2.Endocrine Complications

2.4.3.Pulmonary Complications

2.4.4.Psychological Impact

2.4.5.Musculoskeletal Complications

2.4.6.Gastrointestinal Complications 

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1.Study Design

3.2.Study Area    

3.3.Subjects

3.4.Sample Size

3.5.Sampling

3.6.Data Collection

3.7.Indicators

3.8.Data Analysis

3.9.Quality Assurance

3.10.Ethical Consideration

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS

4.1.Socio-economic and Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Respondents

4.2.Prevalence of Obesity

4.3.3.Physical Activity

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1.Discussion 

5.2.Conclusion & Recommendation

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE