Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Federal Medical Center in Markudi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS

Cover page

Title page                                                                                                                                i

Declaration page                                                                                                                     ii

Certification                                                                                                                            iii

Dedication                                                                                                                              iv

Acknowledgement                                                                                                                  v

Table of contents                                                                                                                    vi

Lists of Tables                                                                                                                         vii

Abstract                                                                                                                                  vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION                                                                                                           1

1.1 Background of the Study                                                                                                  1

1.2 Statement of Problem                                                                                                       2

1.3 Justification of the Study                                                                                                  3

1.4 Aim of the Study                                                                                                              3

1.4.1 Objectives of the Study                                                                                                 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0  LITERATURE REVIEW                                                                                                4

2.1viral Hepatitis                                                                                                                    4

2.2 Description of Hepatitis B and C virus                                                                             4

2.3 Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Virus                                                                        7

2.4 Transmission and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B and C Virus                                            8

2.5 Clinical Presentation                                                                                                         10

2.6 Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection                                                                                13

2.7 Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C Virus                                                                              14

2.8 Treatment of Hepatitis B and C virus                                                                               16

2.9 Prevention and control Hepatitis B and C virus                                                               17

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS                                                                                     19

3.1Study area                                                                                                                          19

3.2 Study Design and study objects                                                                                        19

3.3 Selection criteria               `                                                                                               19

3.3.1Inclusion criteria                                                                                                             19

3.3.2 Exclusion criteria                                                                                                           19

3.5 Sample size determination                                                                                                19

3.6 Data Collection                                                                                                                 20

3.7 Ethical Consideration                                                                                                       20

3.8 Sample collection                                                                                                             21

3.9 Screening for hepatitis b and c profile among pregnant women                                      21

3.10 Statistical analysis                                                                                                          21

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results                                                                                                                              23

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion, conclusions and recommendations                                                                33

5.1 Discussion                                                                                                                         33

5.2 Conclusions                                                                                                                       34

5.3 Recommendations                                                                                                            35

References                                                                                                                              36

ABSTRACTS

Hepatitis B and C infections are potentially life-threatening liver infection and a major global health problem. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Federal Medical Centre Makurdi.  A systematic random sampling technique was used to select pregnant women. A total of 155 pregnant women were recruited for the study. Data on sociodemographic and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Their venous blood samples collected, and hepatitis B and c profile was carried out using commercially available rapid chromatographic kits.  The overall prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women was 7.7% and 14.19% respectively. However, there was no co-infection.   Educational status was notably associated with Hepatitis B and C infections prevalence. Uneducated pregnant women had the highest prevalence of HBsAg and HCV infections (16.67% and 23.33% respectively). Age, marital status, blood transmission history, vaccination history, occupation were all factors contributing to Hepatitis B and C prevalence. This study showed that hepatitis B and C is  endemic in this region. The provision of proper awareness on hepatitis B and C viruses’ transmission, vaccination, and screening of all pregnant women routinely are essential for the prevention of these viruses