The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients

Abstract

Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) microscopy smear remains the most widely used laboratory diagnostic technique for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) in low-and-middle income countries. Although it is highly specific, the sensitivity varies between 20–80% in immune-competent people, with only 50% case detection among HIV/TB co-infected patients, hence the need to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Th1 and Th2 cytokine response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB-HIV co-infected patients. A total of 86 participants were recruited; 70 (81.4%) AFB microscopy smear negative and 16 (18.6%) AFB microscopy smear positive. The AFB microscopy smear negative samples were then cultured using Lowenstein Jensen Medium with 46 being culture-negative and 24 being culture-positive. Blood samples were also collected, cultured using QFT-GIT and the supernatant (plasma) harvested to evaluate cytokine profiles using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. IFN-γ (P

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APA

Chemtai, K (2024). The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/the-diagnostic-accuracy-of-th1-ifn-g-tnf-a-and-il-2-and-th2-il-4-il-6-and-il-10-cytokines-response-in-afb-microscopy-smear-negative-ptb-hiv-co-infected-patients

MLA 8th

Chemtai, Kisuya "The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients" Afribary. Afribary, 04 Jun. 2024, https://afribary.com/works/the-diagnostic-accuracy-of-th1-ifn-g-tnf-a-and-il-2-and-th2-il-4-il-6-and-il-10-cytokines-response-in-afb-microscopy-smear-negative-ptb-hiv-co-infected-patients. Accessed 02 Jan. 2025.

MLA7

Chemtai, Kisuya . "The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients". Afribary, Afribary, 04 Jun. 2024. Web. 02 Jan. 2025. < https://afribary.com/works/the-diagnostic-accuracy-of-th1-ifn-g-tnf-a-and-il-2-and-th2-il-4-il-6-and-il-10-cytokines-response-in-afb-microscopy-smear-negative-ptb-hiv-co-infected-patients >.

Chicago

Chemtai, Kisuya . "The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients" Afribary (2024). Accessed January 02, 2025. https://afribary.com/works/the-diagnostic-accuracy-of-th1-ifn-g-tnf-a-and-il-2-and-th2-il-4-il-6-and-il-10-cytokines-response-in-afb-microscopy-smear-negative-ptb-hiv-co-infected-patients

The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients

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