Dhima Ya Taswira Katika Nahau Za Kisambaa

YALIYOMO

ITHIBATI .....................................................................................................................i

IKIRARI ...................................................................................................................... ii

SHUKRANI ............................................................................................................... iii

IKISIRI ........................................................................................................................iv

UFAFANUZI WA ISTILAHI MUHIMU ZILIZOTUMIKA KATIKA UTAFITI..... v

YALIYOMO ............................................................................................................. vii

ORODHA YA PICHA ................................................................................................. x

ORODHA YA VIFUPISHO .......................................................................................xi

SURA YA KWANZA: UTANGULIZI .................................................................... 1

1.1 Usuli wa Tatizo laUtafiti ........................................................................................ 1

1.2 Tamko la Tatizo la Utafiti ...................................................................................... 3

1.3 Malengo ya Utafiti ................................................................................................. 4

1.3.1 Lengo la Jumla .................................................................................................... 4

1.3.2 Malengo Mahususi .............................................................................................. 4

1.4 Maswali ya Utafiti .................................................................................................. 4

1.5 Umuhimu wa Utafiti .............................................................................................. 4

1.6 Mipaka ya Utafiti ................................................................................................... 5

1.7 Nadharia ya Uchambuzi wa Data za Utafiti ........................................................... 5

SURA YA PILI: MAPITIO YA MAANDIKO ........................................................ 8

2.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................... 8

2.2 Mapitio Kuhusu Semi katika Kazi ya Fasihi ......................................................... 8

2.3 Mapitio Kuhusu Taswira kwa Ujumla ................................................................. 20

2.3.1 Matumizi ya Taswira ........................................................................................ 21

2.3.2 Aina za Taswira ................................................................................................ 21

2.4 Mapengo Yanayojitokeza Kutokana na Mapitio ya Maandiko ........................... 23

2.5 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Pili .................................................................................... 24

SURA YA TATU: USANIFU WA MBINU NA VIFAA VYA UTAFITI ........... 25

3.0 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 25

3.1 Mpango wa Utafiti ............................................................................................... 25

3.2 Jamii ya Watafitiwa ............................................................................................. 26

3.2.1 Walengwa wa Utafiti ........................................................................................ 26

3.2.2 Sampuli ya Watafitiwa na Upatikanaji wake .................................................... 26

3.3 Ukusanyaji wa Data ............................................................................................. 27

3.3.1 Zana za Kukusanyia Data ................................................................................. 28

3.3.2 Njia ya Kukusanyia Data .................................................................................. 28

3.3.2.1 Dodoso ........................................................................................................... 28

3.3.2.2 Mahojiano ...................................................................................................... 29

3.3.2.3 Mjadala wa Vikundi ....................................................................................... 29

3.3.3 Mchakato wa Ukusanyaji wa Data na Udhibiti wake ....................................... 29

3.3.4 Uhalali na Uthabiti wa Matokeo ya Utafiti ....................................................... 30

3.4 Uchanganuzi wa Data .......................................................................................... 31

3.5 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Tatu .................................................................................. 31

SURA YA NNE: UWASILISHAJI NA MJADALA WA MATOKEO YA UTAFITI ................................................................................................................... 32

4.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 32

4.2 Taswira Zinavyojitokeza katika Nahau za Kisambaa .......................................... 32

4.2.1 Taswira za Kuonekana ...................................................................................... 33

4.2.2 Taswira za Kufikirika ........................................................................................ 37

4.3 Athari ya Taswira katika Nahau za Kisambaa katika Ufafanuzi na Uelewekaji Wake kwa Hadhira .............................................................................................. 39

4.3.1 Athari Chanya ................................................................................................... 39

4.3.1.1 Taswira Humwezesha Hadhira Kupata Undani wa Nahau ............................ 40

4.3.1.2 Taswira Hutusaidia Kuweka Kumbukumbu ya Kudumu Akilini mwa Msomaji ama Msikilizaji ............................................................................. 44

4.3.1.3 Taswira Itumikapo katika Neno Humjengea Hadhira Udadisi ................... 46

4.3.2 Athari Hasi ........................................................................................................ 49

4.3.2.1 Kuleta Utata katika Matumizi yake Kulingana na Mfanano wake Kimaana . 49

4.4 Uhusiano uliopo Baina ya Taswira Zilizomo Ndani ya Nahau za Kisambaa na Uhalisi wa Maisha ya Jamii ................................................................................ 53

4.4.1 Huakisi Maisha Halisi katika Jamii Husika ...................................................... 54

4.4.2 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Nne ................................................................................ 59

SURA YA TANO: MHUTASARI, HITIMISHO, MAPENDEKEZO ................ 60

5.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 60

5.2 Mhutasari wa Tasnifu ........................................................................................... 60

5.3 Utoshelevu wa Nadharia Iliyotumika katika Utafiti ............................................ 61

5.4 Mchango Mpya wa Utafiti Huu ........................................................................... 61

5.5 Mapendekezo Juu ya Tafiti Zijazo ....................................................................... 63

MAREJELEO .......................................................................................................... 64

VIAMBATISHO ...................................................................................................... 66