ABSTRACT Aflatoxins and fumonisins are toxic food contaminants. Knowledge about status of human exposure to, and health effects of these toxins in Tanzania is inadequate. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of dietary exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin in young children by using biomarkers of exposure and assess the impact of the exposure on child growth. A total of 166 children were recruited at age of 6 to 14 months in three villages; Nyabula (Iringa region), Kigwa (Tabora r...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT The crop-livestock farming system is a traditional and main agricultural practice in the eastern part of Ethiopia, where crop grains are produced for food security and residues are for animal feed and domestic fuel consumption. As a result, farmers practice crop residues removal management throughout the cropping seasons. However, there is no adequate information on the impacts of crop residues removal management on soil properties and crop yields under such farming system. ...
ABSTRACT Poor soil nutrient supply is often overlooked as a contributing factor of increased cyanogenic glucoside accumulation in cassava produced in areas affected by konzo, despite the low soil fertility in these areas. High cyanogenic glucosides in cassava roots is one reason attributed to cassava cyanide intoxication that sometimes leads to a health disorder called konzo. Various studies were hence carried out to investigate the role of nutrient supply on cyanogenic glucoside production i...
ABSTRACT As an important source of income and protein, local chickens are widely reared by a majority of rural and peri-urban households in many developing countries including Tanzania.However, these birds are seasonally exposed to challenging environments that includehigh temperatures and decreased scavengeable food materials.It was hypothesized that local chickens bred from different regions of Tanzania might have selected ecotypes with stronger tolerance to high temperatures andsuboptimal ...
ABSTRACT The study explored the models of democracy that can be suitably applied to Zimbabwe school education system. This was driven by the fact that most African countries have not adopted proper models democracy in their institutions including schools. The study was also necessitated by the fact that democracy has historically proved to be closely to human flourishing. (Glaeser, Ponzetto & Shleifer, 2006; Halperin and Weinstein, 2005; Mangu, 2004; Pinar, 2003; and Carr, 2000). In light of ...
ABSTRACT Farmers in Western Kenya contribute significantly to the Kenyan economy through food and cash crop production such as sugarcane. However, the acidic nature of the soil reduces the yields due to soil fertility problems. Acidity is further accelerated by the long term sugarcane monoculture and long term use of acidifying fertilizers. Cropping systems such as intercropped sugarcane referred to crop diversification is currently advocated and practiced by smallholder farmers. The producti...
Abstract Various ecological and environmental indicators including climate change, soil fertility, water availability and proper agronomic practices that form optimal agricultural systems are needed to be integrated for increasing agricultural productivity in the Tanzanian semi-arid agro-ecological zone. Among these indicators, climate change and soil fertility are the major limiting factors to affect crop yields in this semi-arid agro-ecological zone. To improve crop productivity, this study...
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research Questions .........
LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Corporate Governance Models for Faith Based Organisations………..... 43 Table 2: Summary of Related Literature ………………………………………….. 45 Table 3: Selected Case Organisations‟ details..…………………….……………… 64 Table 4: Study Population …………………………………………………………… 65 Table 5: Sample Size …………………………………………………………………. 69 Table 6: ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page ………………………………………………………………………….…………….1 Declaration …………………………………………………………………………….....……….2 Table of contents …………………………………………………….……..……………………..3 Chapter One: Introduction ………………………..…………………………...……… 5 1.1 Introduction ....................
ABSTRACT The world population experiencing food insecurity ranges from 0.76 to 1 billion people [7] [27] [30] [77]. This is approximately a seventh of the world population. In the report released by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) [30], 843 million people were categorized as victims of chronic hunger. It was further established that approximately 805 million people were undernourished. Food insecurity is therefore a formidable challenge affecting the world. Several factors are said t...
ABSTRACT Robert Nozick’s Entitlement Theory consists of three principles of justice in Acquisition, in Transfer and in Rectification. The entitlement theory of Nozick entails that a person is entitled to a holding if he followed the principle of acquisition, transfer and rectification. Raising the issue of equitable distribution and individual appropriation, Nozick’s entitlement theory of individual right and private property right defends free market and absolute private property right. ...
ABSTRACT Contemporary societies have become bedevilled by environmental problems like drastic climatic change, health problems, and the loss of land, habitats, and wildlife. In most places these problems are a direct consequence of man‘s exploitation of nature. Since it is arguable that attitudes influence action, the hitherto unquestioning dependence on anthropocentrism as a guide to the man–nature relationship may be blamed for these environmental crises. The realization that there was ...
ABSTRACT Ayn Rand advanced and propagated the view that rational selfishness should be pursued at all cost instead of altruism, that the individual should be allowed by all to live as he or she pleases. The only duty of government, according to her, is to make sure that nobody takes away the freedom of the individual. This research work is aimed at evaluating this moral theory of Rand called objectivist ethics, to determine it’s strength and weakness and implications on man and society espe...