ABSTRACT Despite changing views about what forests are and what values they hold to society, the narrow vision of scientific forestry emphasizing demarcation, mensuration, calculation, and modelling remains hegemonic across most of the World, including in Tanzania. The reproduction of forestry across time and space is the topic of this thesis. The thesis considers reproduction by conceptualizing forestry practices as a product of dispositions (habitus) and encountered situations within the f...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Natural resource use conflicts are a global phenomenon and in Sub-Saharan Africa, such conflicts can be extreme leading to deaths of farmers and pastoralists. The most-reported conflicts over natural resource use occur between farmers versus farmer, pastoralists versus pastoralists, ethnic groups and state and communities to mention a few. Farmers and Pastoralists conflicts are the concern of this study. However, the literature on the effects of conflicts on both well-being...
ABSTRACT Jojoba is a dioecious desert shrub that produces oil of high quality equivalent to that of sperm whale. It is used mainly in the cosmetic and lubrication industry. Currently, there is low production of jojoba globally mainly due to high male to female ratio in the plantations since they are mainly established from seed. To overcome this problem, five experiments were set up with the aim of characterization, propagation and management of jojoba in semi arid areas of Kenya. The exper...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Graduate unemployment is a long-standing socio-economic problem in Tanzania. Consequently, the government of Tanzania is fostering entrepreneurship programmes in higher education with the assumption that graduates will be empowered in their entry into business. However, few graduates have started their own businesses. The thesis provides reasons for this by measuring entrepreneurial tendencies, assessing determinants of the tendencies, identifying barriers to business star...
ABSTRACT In tropical forests, mammals represent particularly rich communities of species with a variety of trophic groups and wide range of life history traits. This diversity plays a significant role in the functioning of the ecosystems. Yet, tropical forest mammals are negatively affected by a number of factors caused by both natural and anthropogenic activities. However, limited and often not-consistent information is available on the status or trends of mammal communities in tropical...
ABSTRACT In Sub Saharan African countries, there is no or limited information on use of low quality water (LQW), hazards in foodstuffs produced using LQW and their associated health risks to humans, animals and the environment. The objective of this study was to investigate faecal bacterial hazards on low quality water; and foodstuffs produced using LQW in Morogoro, Tanzania. This study assessed the extent of E. coli; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes in Extended Spectrum bet...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate sustainability of water resources management in the Upper Great Ruaha River Catchment (UGRRC) and the impacts of water availability and use dynamics to the downstream river flows. Trend analysis, regime shift analysis, low flow analysis and generation of indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) were among the methods used to investigate variability of rainfall and river flows. Water abstraction and use patterns were investigated thr...
ABSTRACT The study on which this manuscript is based was done along the urban-rural continuum (urban, peri-urban and rural) in Morogoro and Iringa to assess household food access security. Specifically, the study sought to: (1) assess the prevalence of household food access insecurity along the urban-rural continuum, (2) determine constraints to household food access security, (3) examine coping strategies and resilience to food access insecurity along the continuum, and (4) assess the influe...
ABSTRACT The East African Camphor (Ocotea), a canopy tree species and an important component of Chome Nature Reserve (CNR)which used to occupy more than 50% of the forest canopy is seriously declining in density. Although the species is illegally logged for timber, the main concern of ecologists is the declining regeneration and death of individuals in all age classes. Increasing selective logging and tree cutting for fuel wood are implicated to impair recovery of Camphor forests by changing ...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT In spite of numerous initiatives having been taken by the government of Tanzania to see to it that the public servants utilize public resources prudently, misuse of resources in Tanzanian Local Government Authorities (LGAs) is still out of control, which affects LGAs' financial performance. Therefore, the study on which this thesis is based was set to evaluate influence of ethics and financial control measures on financial performance in terms of using public resources effi...
ABSTRACT Teaching and learning of Agricultural science subject in secondary schools have flourished over the past decades in many developing countries. The rationale for teaching the subject and the basis for its popularity is to permit students a wider set of future career options particularly farming and farming related careers than is offered by the usual academic or general subjects. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of teaching and learning Agricultural sc...
ABSTRACT This study investigated the market orientation of round potato farmers in the southern highlands of Tanzania. A market oriented farmer, assumed to be a maximiser of short run profit, is expected to select varieties with higher profit potential and in accordance with market preferences and would allot more acreage to a more profitable crop than those needed for home consumption. Thus, this study sought to achieve the following objectives: to determine the market preferences for round...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT The Small East African (SEA) goat breed in Tanzania is comprised of a number of strains which vary considerably. The strains are identified and named mainly based on a few morphological characteristics, ethnic communities keeping them or geographic location where they are kept. The SEA goats are generally characterized by low production and reproduction capacity, consequently several crossbreeding programmes have been implemented in order to improve their performance. Many ...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Weaver ants (Oecophylla spp) are eusocial insects used in pest management. Studies were conducted in citrus field in Tanga and Morogoro regions to determine occurrence of sexual, efficient methods for trapping mated queens, population structure and optimizing queen rearing methods as prerequisite for transplanting weaver ants population. Result of a study conducted between 2011 to 2013 showed that sexuals occurred in nests for a prolonged period with peaks between February...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Water resources have become scarce in most tropical areas of Tanzania due to climate change. Any changes to the hydrological cycle may have significant effects on the water resources in the river basins of Tanzania. The impact of climate change on water resources in Tanzania have been studied using General Circulation Models (GCM) which run at low spatial resolutions of 100-300 km. The resolution is too coarse to provide useful information about climate change impact in sm...