Abstract/Overview The interaction of primary cosmic rays in the atmosphere produces, among other particles, pions and kaons. They decay to muons, which form an important component of extensive air showers, which can be measured on the Earth's surface. The ratio of positively to negatively charged muons, called the muon charge ratio, provides important information about the cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. In this study, the theoretical hadronic interaction models in the cosmic r...
Abstract This paper explores the fundamental cosmological principle, with a specific focus on the homogeneity and isotropy assumptions inherent in the Friedmann model that underpins the standard model. We propose a modified redshift model that is based on the spatial distribution of luminous matter, examining three key astronomical quantities: light intensity, number density, and the redshift of galaxies. Our analysis suggests that the model can account for cosmic accelerated expansion witho...
Abstract Ion layer gas reaction (ILGAR) method allows for deposition of Cl-containing and Cl-free In2S3 layers from InCl3 and In(OCCH3CHOCCH3)3 precursor salts, respectively. A comparative study was performed to investigate the role of Cl on the diffusion of Cu from CuSCN source layer into ILGAR deposited In2S3 layers. The Cl concentration was varied between 7 and 14 at.% by varying deposition parameters. The activation energies and exponential pre-factors for Cu diffusion in Cl-containing s...
Abstract Pd-F:SnO2 thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. Optimization has been done by doping SnO2 with palladium at varying levels of concentration and then recording sheet resistance. The sheet resistivity has been observed to decrease gradually as at% Pd concentration is increased; an optimum sheet resistivity value of 2.71 × 10−2 Ω cm has been recorded. The decrease in sheet resistivity has been attributed to presence of Pd ions which contribute in increment of...
Abstract Hydrogenated Amorphous silicon (a:Si:H) has low amounts of defects making it attractive for photovoltaic applications. To improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a:Si:H solar cells, this study investigated the effect of introducing FTO/TiO2 multilayer thin films into its structure to serve as antireflection coating. The multilayer thin films were characterized and optimized by optical simulations using a computer program, GLSIM (glazing simulator). The program was written in FO...
Abstract The influence of the 15th January 2010 annular solar eclipse on traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) and equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) is studied using data from six global navigation and satellite system (GNSS) receivers spread across the path of annularity over the low latitude region of East Africa. The GNSS receivers are stationed at Nairobi (RCMN), Malindi (MAL2), and Eldoret (MOIU) in Kenya; Mbarara (MBAR) in Uganda; Kigali (NURK) in Rwanda; and Mtwara (MTWA) in Tanzan...
Abstract Endosphere and rhizosphere microbes offer plant growth promotion and pest suppression ecosystem services in banana-based agroecosystems. Interest has been growing towards the use of such beneficial microbes in protecting vulnerable tissue culture banana plants against pathogens such as Radopholus similis and Fusarium oxysporum. A screenhouse experiment with potted tissue culture banana plants was conducted using sterile and non-sterile soil to investigate the effect of soil biota on...
Abstract Fractional variants of distance-based parameters have application in the fields of sensor networking, robot navigation, and integer programming problems. Complex networks are exceptional networks which exhibit significant topological features and have become quintessential research area in the field of computer science, biology, and mathematics. Owing to the possibility that many real-world systems can be intelligently modeled and represented as complex networks to examine, administ...
Abstract Copper antimony sulphide has ability in applications on photovoltaics since it is a promising, less toxic, earth abundant absorber material. In this study, the photovoltaic characteristics of copper antimony sulphide (CuSbS2) photovoltaic cell were simulated and studied by one dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) to improve their operations. This study investigated the impact of modifying the thicknesses of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), cadmium sulphide (CdS), c...
Abstract: The first experimental observation of spin-orbit (SO) coupling in Bose Einstein Con densates (BECs) provided an interesting new platform to explore a fascinating and growing field of research and lead to rich physical e↵ects. In ultracold atomic sys tems,the synthetic SO coupling can be generated using two counter-propagating Ra man lasers that couple two hyperfine ground states. Motivated by these experimental findings, some theoretical activities have been committed to the phys...
Abstract: We start by considering the theory of electromagnetic waves, from the Maxwell’s equa tions, the extended (1+1)D complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, higher-order nonlin ear Schr¨odinger equation are derived with the third, fourth, fifth and sixth-order dis persions and the cubic, quintic, and septic nonlinear terms, describing the dynamics of extremely short pulses in nonlinear undoped and doped optical fibers. The linear stability analysis is employed to extract an expression for ...
Abstract: We study the mutual effects of neuronal electrical activity and DNA dynamics in a network of electrically coupled neurons with nearest neighbors communication. For that we develop by means of the coupling function method, a mathematical DNA-neuron model that can be considered as an extension of the simplified Hodgkin-Huxley models. Numerically, we explore the biological properties of the model with emphasis on local phase transitions and synchronous neural activity. Our results sug...
Abstract: Botswana has about 84 % of its land area as part of the semi-arid Kalahari desert and it experiences over 320 clear sky days per annum, with a solar insolation of 21 MJ/m2 per day on a horizontal flat surface. This favors energy generation using concentrated solar thermal technologies, especially parabolic trough collector (PTC). PTC is the most mature technology and contributes up to about 90 % of installed concentrated solar thermal power in the world. A PTC prototype was fabrica...
Abstract: Recently, organic and inorganic pollutants including heavy metals, effluents, dyes, and bacteria have been removed from wastewater and other environmental settings using nanomaterials. Combining two or more nanomaterials to form nanocomposites offers improved and tailored properties for these applications. Metal-polymer nanocomposite exhibit elevated optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, which make them interesting candidates for the manufacturing of functional de...
Abstract: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a promising semiconductor material suitable for the application in electronic and optoelectronic systems. ZnO tailored into nanorods has a potential to be used in photovoltaic cells due to its large surface area to volume ratio that allows for maximum light harvesting and improved electron transportation efficiency. ZnO nanorods that are less compact, thin and long with fewer defects can be used for organic/inorganic solar cells application. In this study ch...