ABSTRACT Buildings in Sudan experience significant amount of heat gain through windows and this affects the thermal comfort of buildings' occupants. There are many commercially available smart windows that control the reflection and transmission of visible light and infrared radiation, but they suffer from the high cost, low transmission of the visible light and some of them require external power for operation. The proposed glazing is relatively simple and it does not need any external sour...
Abstract In this study, the optical (absorption coefficient and transparency) properties and the energy band of Zinc Oxide nano particles doped with magnesium ion were investigated within different weight percent namely (0.00 , 0.05 and 15% of weiht) was synthesized , the ZnOnano particles was prepared using sol–gel method. A UV-VIS spectrophotometer used to investigate the absorption coefficient and transparency of ZnO nanoparticles with each weight percent adding of magnesium ion, ...
Abstract Two types of hibiscussabdariffa L were prepared (red and white) in the form of powder respectively and the samples were exposed to the XRF meter to identify elements and their concentrations of the samples. Also the samples were exposed to X-ray to study the crystal structure. It was found that the material was amorphous. Also some of the samples were dissolved in cold and hot water in the form of a solution and were characterized by UV-VIS spectrometer to study the absorbance ...
Abstract In this work magnesium chromate (MgCr2O4) samples were produced by combustion method. Sample 1 was prepared without adding ammonia hydroxide (pH = 0.96) during synthesis steps whilst sample 2 was prepared with ammonia hydroxide (pH = 8.62). Sample 1 was obtained in 2:10 h whilst sample 2 was produced in 45 min. Effect of pH upon structural properties were investigated by X-rays diffraction (XRD) technique. The results confirm the formation of the cubic spinel structure with average ...
Abstract Nondestructive testing methods are that used widely in industry and technology so to test material and equipment to make sure that they are proper and secure. In this work three samples from steel, carbon steel and aluminum were subjected to same fraction force. The damages produced were tested by ultrasound and magnetic particles. The fraction length obtained by magnetic particle and ultrasound give the same result. Where the length in the aluminum, steel and carbon steel defects ar...
ABSTRACT Ternary thin films of Iron Copper Sulphide (FeCuS), Iron Zinc Sulphide (FeZnS), Lead Silver Sulphide (PbAgS), Copper Silver Sulphide (CuAgS) and Copper Zinc Sulphide (CuZnS) were grown using cheap and simple solution growth technique with EDTA, TEA and NH3 as complexing agents. The deposited films were characterized using PYE-UNICO-UV-2102 PC spectrophotometer, and optical microscopy. The results suggest that some of the films have crystal structures. From the spectral analysis ...
Abstract The fire assay technique is the oldest and most reliable method used to determine gold karat, because of the destruction of gold into pieces and the long time which spent at analyzing; a well powerful for nondestructive analytical analyzer had took it place, it is x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) that we used to analysis gold specimens. It is fast and accuracy technique, XRF can provide qualitative and quantitative analysis regarding the thickness of the tested material by meas...
Abstract This study was conducted to analyze the components of the plastic materials used in water and drug bottles by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Bottle samples were collected from some factories in Sudan, the samples were collected pre- and post-used. Samples were irradiated by Nd: YAG laser at 266 nm, repetition rate 2Hz, with pulse energy of 80mJ. The recorded spectra of the samples were analyzed using National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST) and Origin L...
Abstract The effect of different solvents on Zinc Oxide based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) with Nile Blue were studied. The performance of solar cells with on (FTO/ ZnO/ Blue Nile dye /FTO+ graphite and Iodine ) structures were investigated. under the effect of different solvents, which on (Methanol ,Ethanol ,Acton , Chloroform and Benzene ). Absorption and energy gap were found using UV-VS mini 1240 spectrophotometer and light current-voltage characteristics and XRD. The five (FTO/ ZnO...
Abstract The Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) leaves after fermentation and drying are commonly known as Kawal. Fermented leaves of Cassia obtusifolia are used as a substitute of meat by people of eastern of Chad and western of Sudan. In this study kawal was obtained from Forbranga western of Darfour as a powder. The objective of this study was identification the chemical compositions of the Kawal. FTIR spectrum and atomic absorption spectrophotometer methods were used. In FTIR experimental th...
Abstract This study is concerned with derivation of quantum relation in a curved space –time . The importance of this study emerges from the use of energy and momentum in many applications. This study use mathematical derivation trend. The research problem is related to the lack of suitable consistent relations for quantum eigen equations in a curved space , beside lack of relations for the special quantum evolution in the interaction model. Therefore this research aims to use the expressio...
ABSTRACT This Thesis study semi local and hybrid density functional analysis of charge transition levels of native defects in BaF2 and CaF2 structures. The transition levels was calculated from the formation energies corresponding to two defect charge states. The errors arising from the small super cell size effects have been relieved through extrapolating the formation energies to the limit of infinite super cell size. The reliability of the extrapolation method has been verified through th...
Abstract In this dissertation, the one-loop renormalization group equations for the gauge couplings in five and six dimensional models as well as 5D Minimal Super-symmetric Standard Model were derived. We considered different localization of matter fields that is, all fields propagate in the full space-time (bulk case), or some of the fields restricted in the brane (brane case). We studied the evolution of the inverse fine structure constants , which is linked to the gauge couplings constant...
Abstract This research deals with one of the applications of spectroscopy, which is the detection of some components of sand and the concentrations of these elements using X-ray fluorescence technology and comparison between them. Where sand samples were taken from Bara north Kordofan region (red-orange, black) from surface and depth (30cm, 70cm). It was found that the elements present on the surface of the red-orange sample are: Silicon (Si), Zirconium (Zr), Thorium (Th), Titanium (Ti), and...
The standard model of particle physics is currently an accepted theory at low energies; however, it doesn’t address the unification of gauge coupling constants. In this dissertation, the renormalization group equations at one loop order in the standard model, both in 4D and 5D, in addition to Pati-Salam model (4D and 5D)have been studied. We found, both analytically and numerically, that a natural and successful gauge coupling unification could be achieved in 4D Pati-Salam model with...