ABSTRACT The disinfection of water is of prime importance both for the animals and humans, since the presence of microorganisms in water may cause diseases including hepatitis, cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery. Reagents, techniques based on the use of a broad range of chemical agents are commonly used to disinfect water. Among them are chlorine, fluorine, ozone and ions of heavy metals. However, in the case where some organic substances remain in water, chlorine and ozone reacts with them...
ABSTRACT Cobalt (III) oxide (Co3O4) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at a temperature of 70°C with continuous stirring and heating of the alkaline bath of various pH of 8, 10, 12 and 14. Cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O) was used as source of Co2+ and to make it alkaline, 25% aqueous ammonia solution was added as the complexing agent with constant heating and stirring. The bath was doped with zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2 and later, some samples were annealed at 200°C fo...
ABSTRACT We have studied the variability of Cosmic rays flux during solar quiet days at mid and high latitudes. By using the five (5) quietest days for each month, the monthly mean diurnal variation of cosmic ray anisotropy have been derived for the period 1981-2007, which covers part of cycles 21, 22 and 23. These quiet days are days during which the sun is relatively magnetically quiet, leading to less anisotropic behavior in the diurnal flux of cosmic rays measured on the earth’s surfac...
Abstract Observational works on 4.83 GHz Formaldehyde (H2CO) absorptions and 4.87 GHz H110α radio recombination lines towards 6.7 GHz Methanol (CH3OH) maser sources are presented. Methanol masers provide ideal sites to probe the earliest stages of massive star formation, while 4.8 GHz Formaldehyde absorptions are accurate probes of physical conditions in dense and low temperature molecular clouds towards massive star forming regions. Feature similarities between the formaldehyde absorptions...
ABSTRACT Galactic cosmic rays are modulated in the hliosphere primarily due to the global merged interaction regions with intense magnetic field which leads to a decrease in the galactic cosmic rays throughout the heliosphere. Using long term averages of solar wind (SW) component parameters in addition to cosmic ray count rates of two high latitude Neutron monitor stations (Apatity and Thule) and two mid latitude stations (Newark and Tbilisi) with different rigidity cut-offs, we analyzed the...
In this dissertation, we derived the Renormalization Group Equations (RGEs) for five dimensional Minimal Super-symmetric Standard Model (MSSM) plus additional fields . We found a successful unification of gauge coupling constants in this model very close to: GeV. Yukawa couplings seemed to be tending to unify at some high scale and approximately vanish beyond the unification scale of the gauge couplings, i.e. GeV. We showed that a five dimensional (5D) MSSM with compactification scale o...
ABSTRACT Geophysical survey techniques have successfully been applied to near-surface limestone detection in karstic terrains. A magnetic geophysical survey to delineate the karstic structure of the Nyanda Mountains, Masvingo, was carried out in the interest of mapping out limestone deposits required for cement production. The magnetic-total-field-anomaly maps helped reveal the metamorphic and sedimentary units in the study area. Although only part of the mountain range was surveyed for this ...
ABSTRACT The ionosphere is the ionized portion of the atmosphere that stretches from about 50 km to 1000 km above the ground. It plays a very important role in the solar effects felt on Earth. Despite various studies having been carried out on occurrence of Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) in Africa, more research needs to be done within East Africa since the ionosphere is a highly variable medium resulting from ionizing radiation from the Sun and changes from region to region. The problem in...
ABSTRACT Despite many buildings have fire fighting systems installed in them; many people are still losing their lives and properties due to fire accidents. In this research, an automatic cost effective device for the detection and control of fire has been designed and constructed. The system has an additional feature of sending signal to a pump/sprinkler through a relay. It is made up of two sensors, microcontroller, buzzer and a controlled fire fighting equipment (pump/sprinkler). LM 3...
Abstract Twenty Concrete Blocks from (20) different Local Governments in Katsina state was measured using Gamma Ray Spectroscopy with NaI (TL) detector. Three naturally Occurring Radionuclides and their activity concentrations were determined, are 40K 226Ra, and 232Th. Their activity Concentrations ranges from 40K 46.11 ± 826.59 to 46.11± 8.55 Bq/kg, (226Ra) ranged from10.19 ± 2.43Bq/kg to 75.09 ± 4.98 Bq/kg and (232Th) ranged from 2.77 ± 9.59Bq/kg to 123.49 ± 9.35Bq/kg respectivel...
Abstract In this study, natural dye-sensitized solar cells (NDSSCs) were fabricated using crude and purified natural dye extracts aimed at investigating the effect of purified natural dyes on the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance. Ethanol and methanol solvents were used to extract natural dyes from Senna singueana flowers, Senna singueana leaves, Ximenia caffra fruits, and Bougainvillea glabra bracts. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was used to purify the ethanol and methano...
ABSTRACT A transition length is normally observed when fluid flows through a conduit before laminar flow is accomplished. This work examined a situation whereby porous materials were filled into the conduit and fluid was made to flow through. An attempt was made to determine this transition length for flow of water through riverbed sand of varying porosities filled into a horizontal cylindrical pipe of diameter 0.345 x m with piezomefric water head, set at 0.06m. The transition length was obs...
Abstract This study concerns the application of a model-based approach for problem solving and conceptual understanding, in the context of kinematics, relating to the “foundation” component of an introductory physics course designed for students who are academically and scientifically underprepared. A new method for portraying objects in motion, “freeze frame” representation, was introduced. The particular visual conceptual model was employed as a representational bridge for translati...
INTRODUCTION The physics design of nuclear reactors requires the determination of the gross statistical behaviour of the neutron population in the reactor system. This in turn calls for the solution of the Boltzmann equation of neutron transport theory which forms the subject matter of reactor theory. It is however not easy to solve this equation by a direct discretization process even on the largest computers because of the presence of too many independent variables, complicated energy varia...