ABSTRACT Much research has been advanced in the development of Monte Carlo methods for stochastic processes. A particular focus is on sequential Monte Carlo methods (particle filters and particle smoothers) and the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm which allows the estimation of a class of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with nonlinear, non-Gaussian state-space models. The Stochastic Volatility (SV) model can be regarded as a nonlinear state space model. SV model has become increasingly pop...
ABSTRACT This study has been conducted with the main objectives to investigate the pattern of students‟ performance in mathematics and to forecast the performance of students in mathematics in secondary schools in Zanzibar for next 6 years on the basis of best selected model. The study used secondary data of all 64,446 students from 123 schools of Zanzibar, who sat for final examination from 1986-2016. The yearly data of students' results were collected from Ministry of Education and Vocat...
ABSTRACT Maternal mortality is a major health concern in Namibia as it is the case in most countries. The rate at which women are dying due to pregnancy related causes is high and the cause as well as risk factors are not well explored. The main objective of this research was to identify the causes and risk factors associated with maternal mortality in Namibia and thus the study described the socio-demographic characteristics and three delays that lead to maternal deaths in Namibia. The paper...
ABSTRACT Spatial modelling is one approach that can serve as a basic tool in identifying areas that need intervention. Understanding the spatial distribution of indicators is of vital importance, as it help with national planning and decision-making. Different models such as Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) can be used in spatial modelling. However, these models pose analytic and statistical inferential challenges especially when non-continuous and multivariate response are involved. Therefor...
ABSTRACT Namibia is experiencing an increase in its population living in urban areas due to rapid urbanisation. However, this growth has not been the same in all parts of the country. Currently the biggest growth rate is experienced in Windhoek, which is home to about 16% of the total population. Due to rapid population growth, Windhoek has been facing a number of challenges such as high unemployment rate, illegal land occupation, and development of informal settlements among others. As a res...
Abstract Fatalities caused by road traffic accidents have become a major concern worldwide and road traffic accidents happen almost every day on Namibian national roads claiming lives of many road users. It is predicted that by 2030, road crash fatalities would be the fifth most frequent cause of death worldwide. Many efforts have been made to prevent loss of lives and to curb down the MVA expenses on compensations due to road traffic accident; however, road traffic fatalities are still on th...
Abstract The main objective of the study was to examine gender-specific and shared spatial variation in HIV testing and condom use in Namibia for targeted health promotion interventions. The study used data from the Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) carried out between 2006 and 2007. Bayesian hierarchical spatial mapping techniques were applied to generate specific and shared spatial patterns in HIV testing and condom use. Particularly, a number of Bayesian Structured Additive Regr...
Abstract This article describes the development of an acceptance sampling plan based on percentiles for Type-II generalized log-logistic distribution (TGLLD) introduced by Rosaiah et. al. [1]. The plan is developed by considering the lifetime percentiles as a variable and the life test will be terminated at a pre-specified time. The objective of the test is to determine the minimum sample size required to achieve a specific lifetime percentile at an acceptable level of consumer and producer r...
ABSTRACT Many analyses of cancer survival data prefer to use Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model which had influence on development of cancer covariates in the field of survival analysis. Study attempted to evaluate parametric, semi-parametric and non parametric approach to find a model for available cervical cancer survival data from ORCI in order to show applicability and workability in medical data. Life table method calculates probabilities of censored patients when survival times groupe...
ABSTRACT The complexity of a face’s components originates from the constant variations in the facial component that occur with respect to time. Notwithstanding these variations, humans recognize a person very easily using physical characteristics such as face, voice, gait, etc. Automatic face recognition deals with extracting these essential features from an image, placing them into a suitable representation and performing some kind of recognition on them. This study presents an assessment...
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to find the socio-economic determinants of child labour and schooling in Ghana. To this end, the 2003 Ghana Child Labour Survey data was analysed. The main techniques used were the simple logistic regression and multilevel logistic regression analysis. Results of the analysis showed that gender of head of household, marital status of parents, father’s occupation, mother’s occupation, relationship to head of household, place of residence, literacy ...
ABSTRACT Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, leading more than 600 million cases and two million deaths each year Worldwide. Over 90% of these cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa where Falciparum Malaria is pervasive and the major killer of children less than 5 years old. This study was conducted to figure out the demographic factors that influence the prevalence of Malaria in Nyasa District and to assess the level of knowledge and awareness on malaria incurred by the domi...
Abstract: This paper assesses the bootstrap confidence intervals of a newly proposed process capability index (PCI) forWeibull distribution, using the logarithm of the analyzed data. These methods can be applied when the quality of interest has non-symmetrical distribution. Bootstrap confidence intervals, which consist of standard bootstrap (SB), percentile bootstrap (PB), and bias-corrected percentile bootstrap (BCPB) confidence interval are constructed for the proposed method. A Monte Carlo...
ABSTRACT Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, leading to more than 600 million cases and two million deaths each year worldwide. Over 90% of these cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa where Falciparum Malaria is pervasive and the major killer of children below five (5) years old. This study was conducted through modelling the length of stay using some variables from hospital register for inpatients with Malaria. The results showed that the hospital length of stay per day at ...
ABSTRACT This study is conducted in the aim to figure out the demographic factors that fueling prevalence of H.I.V/AIDS in 2011/2012-Mbeya region. Demographic data of the cross-sectional years 2011/2012 is used. The data encompass male and female individual age group of 15-49.The binary logistic regression model was employed and demographic factors that were considered to have an impact on the prevalence of the epidemic were included in my analysis. The result shows that demographic variables...