ABSTRACT In the absence of microscopic examination, the high prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infections and the non-specific symptoms of the disease make clinical diagnosis difficult in highly endemic areas. Data from daily medical records 0f 111 adult volunteers obtained in a 13-month longitudinal survey were analysed using Pearson's correlation to investigate the relationship between parasitaernia and clinical symptoms and to determine the predictive strength of various clinical symptoms...
ABSTRACT The life cycle, and morphometries studies of A. dispersus (Rusell), white flies were conducted in a screen house in the Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. The study revealed that A. dispersus (Rusell) on cassava potted plants leaves, Manihot esculenta (Cranzt) (TMS 91934), have six stages, which include, egg first instar, second instar, third instar, pupa and adult. Trichoderma lignorum a fungal was identified as the cause of high mortality rate which occurred on t...
Abstract Background: The most common cause of anemia is a deficiency of iron; but it may also be caused by deficiencies of folates, vitamin B12 and protein. Some anemias are not caused by nutritional factors, but by congenital factors and parasitic diseases such as malaria. This study attempted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among pre-school and school- aged children in two rural areas of Odogbolu Local government area, and to determine whether its cause was nutritional or could be att...
Abstract Nigeria has a high burden of vector borne diseases such as malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF). This study aimed to determine the species composition of mosquitoes in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria as well as determine their role in malaria and LF transmission. Adult mosquitoes were collected by Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) and identified and graded according to their abdominal conditions. The mosquitoes were dissected to determine the parity status and to check for microfilariae of Wuc...
ABSTRACT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and deltamethrin are insecticides frequently used in malaria vector control interventions in Africa. Resistance to these insecticides has emerged in the malaria vector, Anopheles. However, the assortment of two genetic mechanisms, 2La inversion and the polymorphism of microsatellite loci, have also been associated with insecticide resistance in Anopheles populations in several countries with limited studies on these resistance mechanisms in Nige...
Abstract Metallothionein-1 (MT-1), cytochrome P450-2A (CYP2a) and other genes are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics such as heavy metals and toxins. Changes in their expression precede overt toxic effects and can serve as a marker for exposure to pollutants. We used a mouse experimental system and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to determine changes in gene expression and the direction of change, in response to exposure to lead acetate (LA) and waste ...
ABSTRACT Researches have shown that dried cassava varieties are relatively susceptible to Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) infestation. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine weight loss and nutritional status of dried cassava chips (TME-7) and P. truncatus emergence rate over an infestation period of 8 weeks. TME-7 mean weight loss (±SD) rose to 11.30% ± 4.01 (22.67%) with P. truncatus mean emergence rate (± SD) of 18.50 ± 8.25; 16.33 ± 6.85 and 9.93 ± 3.30 for larvae, pupae and a...
Abstract Possible control of Oryzaephilus surinamensis infestation on date palm (Phoenix dactyliferai using oil palm inflorescence ash and hermetic storage technique combined with Oil Palm Inflorescence Ash (OPIA) treatment were conducted in the Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Relative efficacy of oil palm inflorescence ash at 0.625 g 125 g and 1.25 g 125 g and 3 bags layer hermetic storage technique combined with oil palm inflorescence...
Abstract The focus of this research work was on the hermetic control treatment against Prostephanus truncatus Horn, 1878 infestation on dried cassava chips, over an infestation period of 10 weeks in the store. The experimental set-up was done in three hermetic treatments, this include, single bag, double bags and triple bags treatment. Each treatment was replicated 15 times. The used bags were made up of polythene material, with 0.056 mm thickness and 360 mm x 600 mm in dimension. The bags w...
ABSTRACT Background: MSP1 processing-inhibitory antibodies bind to epitopes on the 19 kDa C-terminal region of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119), inhibiting erythrocyte invasion. Blocking antibodies also bind to this antigen but prevent inhibitory antibodies binding, allowing invasion to proceed. Recombinant MSP119 had been modified previously to allow inhibitory but not blocking antibodies to continue to bind. Immunization with these modified proteins, therefore,...
ABSTRACT A 1O-week cross-sectional study was carried out at the Adeoyo State Maternity Hospital(Beere, Ibadan), Southwestern Nigeria in order to determine (a) the prevalence of severe malaria, (b) identify the predominant clinical presentations that characterise the disease in children below 5 years and the pattern of antibody responses to MSP 119elicited in severe malaria complications. Three thousand, one hundred and thirty-one cases reported to the Out Patients' Department; of these, 372 (...
combinations most times. The white crested hOl1lbill and the black and Maxwell's duikers were found to associate with the monkeys during feeding. No natural predators 10 monkeys were found. The agility of the monkeys coupled with various lliarm-response mechanisms seemed to prevent predators from getting close. Poaching by the surrounding communities seemed to be a problem in the Kakum National Park and this affected any initiation of monkey viewing as a tourist attraction. Viewing of monkeys...
Abstract Background: Effective control and management of severe malaria cases depends on a clear understanding of the local epidemiological factors and specific clinical manifestations of the disease in the different endemic regions. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of severe malaria and epidemiological factors that affect the development of malaria anaemia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among children below 5 years of age, at the Adeoyo State Maternity Hospital,...
Abstract Worsened perinatal outcomes and increased rates (If maternal morbidity are consequences of co-infection of HI V and Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant-women. This study was designed to ascertain the proportion of co-infection of both diseases in pregnant mothers and babies born to HIV-infected mothers. A total of 149 pregnant mothers and 30 babies of HIV-infected mothers were engaged in a longitudinal study for III months in the endemic area of Saki and Ibadan. Only babies born to HI...
ABSTRACT An Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), employing a recombinant peptide capture antigen (R32tet32) was used to detect antibodies against the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum in 169 serum samples from 16 subjects from two villages, Afefu (FA) and Tobalogbo (TB), in Igbo-Ora Community of Oyo State, over a period of 12 months. The maximum and mean Ab response for FA was higher than for TB samples (0.511 AU±0.170, 0.124±0.045U and 0.2...