ABSTRACT Background
: Community-Acquired Pneumonia is among the leading cause of
morbidity and mortality among children below five years of age in developing
countries. It is a second course of morbidity and mortality next to neonatal birth
complications and bacteremia is one of complication which accelerates this.
Different studies shows different prevalences of bacteremia among children with
CAP and managed to isolate common organisms with associated features which
helped them to change management form the standard treatment.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence, aetiology and factors associated with
bacteremia among children aged 2 months to 5 years hospitalized with community
acquired pneumonia (CAP) at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital.
Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study. A total of 195 children
aged 2 months to 5 years were recruited in a period of 6 months (October 2018 –
March 2019). A blood sample for Blood culture, FBP, Malaria and HIV were
collected and investigated.
Results: Out of 217 eligible children, 195 were enrolled. Two third (66.2%) of the
study participants were male while 60.5% (118/195) of participants were infants.
Bacteremia was detected in 7.2% (14/195) of study participants. Staphylococcus
aureus (57.1%) and Enterobacter’s (28.6%) were the most common isolated
organisms. The factors which independently showed significant association with
bacteremia were fever >38.5°C [AOR 5.7 (CI 1.016 – 31.57) P= 0.005], Oxygen
saturation < 90% [AOR 2.7 (CI 1.05 – 72.25) P = 0.015], needs for oxygen therapy
[AOR 2.1 (CI 1.41 – 7.676) P=0.022], high respiratory rate > 60 circles/minute
[AOR 6.7 (CI 2.018 – 22.47) P= 0.002] and leucocytosis of > 15,000/μl [AOR 8.8
(CI 1.387 – 31.112) P = 0.004]. Penicillin was completely resistant to all isolated
organisms, Amoxicillin was 25% sensitive to Enterobacter’s and resistant to other
isolated organisms. Gentamycin was 25% and 37.5% sensitive to Enterobacter’s and
Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Ceftriaxone was 50% sensitive to
Enterobacter’s and 37.5% sensitive to S. aureus. Clindamycin was 100% sensitive to
S.aureus and 75% sensitive to Enterobacter’s. Ciprofloxacin was 75% sensitive to
S.aureus and 100% sensitive to all other isolated organisms.
Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most causative agent of bacteremia in
children hospitalized with CAP. Signs of severe respiratory distress (high respiratory
rate, hypoxia and needs for oxygen therapy) and sepsis (fever and leukocytosis) were
the independent associated factors with bacteremia. First line antibiotics Ampicillin,
Penicillin and Gentamycin shows highly resistance, Ceftriaxone was less sensitive.
Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin were the most sensitive antibiotics.
Frontiers, E. & TAGALILE, R (2021). Prevalence, aetiology and factors associated with bacteremia among children aged 2 months to 5 years hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia at dodoma regional referral hospital.. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/prevalence-aetiology-and-factors-associated-with-bacteremia-among-children-aged-2-months-to-5-years-hospitalized-with-community-acquired-pneumonia-at-dodoma-regional-referral-hospital
Frontiers, Edu, and REHEMA TAGALILE "Prevalence, aetiology and factors associated with bacteremia among children aged 2 months to 5 years hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia at dodoma regional referral hospital." Afribary. Afribary, 20 May. 2021, https://afribary.com/works/prevalence-aetiology-and-factors-associated-with-bacteremia-among-children-aged-2-months-to-5-years-hospitalized-with-community-acquired-pneumonia-at-dodoma-regional-referral-hospital. Accessed 30 Jun. 2022.
Frontiers, Edu, and REHEMA TAGALILE . "Prevalence, aetiology and factors associated with bacteremia among children aged 2 months to 5 years hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia at dodoma regional referral hospital.". Afribary, Afribary, 20 May. 2021. Web. 30 Jun. 2022. < https://afribary.com/works/prevalence-aetiology-and-factors-associated-with-bacteremia-among-children-aged-2-months-to-5-years-hospitalized-with-community-acquired-pneumonia-at-dodoma-regional-referral-hospital >.
Frontiers, Edu and TAGALILE, REHEMA . "Prevalence, aetiology and factors associated with bacteremia among children aged 2 months to 5 years hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia at dodoma regional referral hospital." Afribary (2021). Accessed June 30, 2022. https://afribary.com/works/prevalence-aetiology-and-factors-associated-with-bacteremia-among-children-aged-2-months-to-5-years-hospitalized-with-community-acquired-pneumonia-at-dodoma-regional-referral-hospital