Background
Tuberculosis is the highest cause of death in
persons infected with HIV hence the need for prevention. The gold standard of
self- administered isoniazid for 6 to 12 months is effective but adherence is
poor and causes more adverse events. Rifapentine plus isoniazid for 3months
administered under DOTS have limited treatment duration and may result in
higher adherence and reduced adverse events.
Objectives
To
determine the effectiveness of Rifapentine plus Isoniazid compared with
isoniazid in preventing development of active TB in HIV infected adults.
Search methods
Electronic searches were
conducted in EMBASE from 1974 to June 27th 2014, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and
Other Non-Index Citations from 1946 to June 27th 2014, Science Citation Index
searched for all times till June 27th and the Cochrane Central Register of
Controlled Trials searched till 29th June 2014.Reference list of
studies were also reviewed.
Selection criteria
RCTs of HIV positive adults treated with Rifapentine
900mg plus isoniazid 900mg (under DOTS or without DOTS) compared with 300mg of
Self-administered isoniazid for 6 to 12months for prevention of active TB.
Participants could be TST positive or negative from any setting, assessed for
incidence of TB, drug resistance, drug adherence, drug completion rate, and
adverse events.
Data
collection and analysis
The author independently applied the eligibility
criteria to identify studies, screen, assess methodological quality and
abstracted data which was checked by a second reviewer. The author pooled RR with their 95% CI using
fixed-effect method.
Main
results
Two RCTs with a total of 1056 randomised TST
positive subjects were included and the median follow period was 35months. RPT plus INH conferred similar efficacy as
INH monotherapy (RR 0.95 CI; 0.54 to 1.65). All participants were TST positive.
Hepatotoxicity was significantly reduced by 77% in the RPT plus INH arm
compared to INH (RR 0.23 CI; 0.10 to 0.56). The risk of not completing a study
drug was also reduced significantly by 71% for participants who received the
combination drug (RR 0.29 CI; 0.21 to 0.41). Severe adverse effects were not
different between the two groups (RR 0.84 CI; 0.53 to 1.34). However, life-threatening or disabling
effects was reduced significantly by 68% (RR 0.32 CI; 0.14 to 0.70) in
participants who received the short course therapy. All the drug resistant
cases occurred to INH. However, evidence was undermined by low number of events
reported.
Authors’ conclusion
Rifapentine plus isoniazid
is as good as IPT in preventing active TB in HIV infected adults.
Hepatotoxicity which probably leads to drug discontinuation is reduced
significantly with the newer regimen and treatment completion is also higher.
Life-threatening adverse events are also less associated with the combination
drug compared with isoniazid. Evidence suggests that a full cost effectiveness
study is warranted.
Abaate, J (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of Rifapentine plus isoniazid compared with isoniazid monotherapy in preventing active tuberculosis in HIV positive adults. Afribary.com: Retrieved March 06, 2021, from https://afribary.com/works/systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-the-the-effectiveness-of-rifapentine-plus-isoniazid-compared-with-isoniazid-monotherapy-in-preventing-active-tuberculosis-in-hiv-positive-sdults
Jolly, Abaate. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of Rifapentine plus isoniazid compared with isoniazid monotherapy in preventing active tuberculosis in HIV positive adults" Afribary.com. Afribary.com, 09 Oct. 2019, https://afribary.com/works/systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-the-the-effectiveness-of-rifapentine-plus-isoniazid-compared-with-isoniazid-monotherapy-in-preventing-active-tuberculosis-in-hiv-positive-sdults . Accessed 06 Mar. 2021.
Jolly, Abaate. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of Rifapentine plus isoniazid compared with isoniazid monotherapy in preventing active tuberculosis in HIV positive adults". Afribary.com, Afribary.com, 09 Oct. 2019. Web. 06 Mar. 2021. < https://afribary.com/works/systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-the-the-effectiveness-of-rifapentine-plus-isoniazid-compared-with-isoniazid-monotherapy-in-preventing-active-tuberculosis-in-hiv-positive-sdults >.
Jolly, Abaate. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of Rifapentine plus isoniazid compared with isoniazid monotherapy in preventing active tuberculosis in HIV positive adults" Afribary.com (2019). Accessed March 06, 2021. https://afribary.com/works/systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-the-the-effectiveness-of-rifapentine-plus-isoniazid-compared-with-isoniazid-monotherapy-in-preventing-active-tuberculosis-in-hiv-positive-sdults