Taswira Katika Fungate Ya Uhuru Na Wasakatonge

YALIYOMO

UTHIBITISHO/ ITHIBATI ..........................................................................................i

IKIRARI /HAKIMILIKI ............................................................................................. ii

SHUKRANI ............................................................................................................... iii

TABARUKU ..............................................................................................................iv

IKISIRI ......................................................................................................................... v

YALIYOMO ...............................................................................................................vi

ORODHA YA PICHA ................................................................................................ix

UFAFANUZI WA ISTILAHI KATIKA UTAFITI HUU ........................................... x

SURA YA KWANZA ................................................................................................. 1

1.0 Utangulizi kwa Ujumla .......................................................................................... 1

1.1 Usuli wa Utafiti ...................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Historia Fupi ya Mwandishi Muhammed Seif Khatib ........................................... 3

1.3 Tamko la Tatizo la Utafiti ...................................................................................... 5

1.4 Malengo ya Utafiti ................................................................................................. 6

1.4.1 Lengo Kuu ........................................................................................................... 6

1.4.2 Malengo mahususi ya utafiti ............................................................................... 6

1.5 Maswali ya Utafiti .................................................................................................. 6

1.6 Manufaa ya Utafiti ................................................................................................. 6

1.7 Mawanda ya Utafiti ................................................................................................ 7

1.8 Nadharia ya Utafiti ................................................................................................. 7

1.8.1 Nadharia ya Mwitikio wa Msomaji au Upokezi ................................................. 7

1.9 Hitimisho ................................................................................................................ 9

SURA YA PILI: MAPITIO YA MAANDIKO MBALIMBALI ......................... 11

2.0 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 11

2.1 Maandiko Kuhusu Taswira .................................................................................. 11

2.1.1 Dhana ya Taswira .............................................................................................. 11

2.1.2 Aina za Taswira ................................................................................................ 12

2.1.3 Taswira katika Ushairi wa Kiswahili ................................................................ 15

2.1.4 Umuhimu wa Taswira katika Ushairi wa Kiswahili ......................................... 18

2.2 Tahakiki za Kazi Teule. ....................................................................................... 21

vii

2.3 Mapengo Yaliyojitokeza katika Mapitio ya Maandiko ........................................ 23

2.4 Hitimisho .............................................................................................................. 24

SURA YA TATU: MBINU ZA KUFANYIA UTAFITI ....................................... 25

3.0 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 25

3.1 Eneo la Utafiti ...................................................................................................... 25

3.2 Mpango wa Utafiti ............................................................................................... 25

3.3 Walengwa wa Utafiti ........................................................................................... 26

3.4 Jamii ya Watafitiwa ............................................................................................. 26

3.5 Ukusanyaji wa Data ............................................................................................. 27

3.5.1 Vifaa vya Kukusanyia Data .............................................................................. 27

3.5.2 Njia za Kukusanyia Data ................................................................................... 28

3.5.3 Dodoso .............................................................................................................. 29

3.5.4 Majadiliano ....................................................................................................... 30

3.5.5 Mahojiano ya ana kwa ana ................................................................................ 31

3.5.6 Mapitio ya maandiko ........................................................................................ 33

3.6 Sampuli ya Watafitiwa ......................................................................................... 34

3.7 Uchanganuzi wa Data .......................................................................................... 34

3.8 Ukusanyaji wa Data na Udhibiti .......................................................................... 35

3.9 Mpango wa Ripoti ya Utafiti ............................................................................... 35

3.10 Hitimisho ............................................................................................................ 36

SURA YA NNE: UCHAMBUZI WA TASWIRA ................................................. 37

4.0 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 37

4.1 Mapitio ya Fungate ya Uhuru .............................................................................. 37

4.1 Mapitio yaWasakatonge ....................................................................................... 42

4.3 Uchambuzi wa Taswira ........................................................................................ 45

4.3.1 Uchambuzi waTaswira katika diwani yaFungate ya Uhuru ............................. 46

4.3.2 Uchambuzi wa Taswira katika Diwani ya Wasakatonge .................................. 53

4.4 Sababu za Mwandishi Kutumia Taswira Hizo ..................................................... 59

4.4.1 Kuficha au Kupunguza Ukali wa Maneno ........................................................ 59

4.4.2 Kuwasilisha dhana nyingi kwa wakati mmoja na kitu kimoja .......................... 61

4.4.3 Kuleta Mvuto kwa Wasomaji ........................................................................... 62

viii

4.4.4 Udadisi kwa Wasikilizaji na Wasomaji ............................................................ 62

4.4.5 Ubobevu katika Lugha ...................................................................................... 63

4.4.6 Kuepusha Mivutano .......................................................................................... 64

4.5 Matokeo ya Matumizi ya Taswira kwa Wasomaji ............................................... 65

4.5.1 Matokeo chanya ya Matumizi ya Taswira ........................................................ 66

4.5.1.1 Taswira Hudumu ............................................................................................ 66

4.5.1.2 Taswira hukoleza Uelewa mpana kwa Msomaji ............................................ 66

4.5.2 Matokeo hasi ya Matumizi ya Taswira ............................................................. 67

4.5.2.1 Utata katika kupata Maudhui yaliokusudiwa ................................................. 67

4.5.2.2 Taswira husababisha kuchukia Ushairi .......................................................... 68

4.6 Hitimisho .............................................................................................................. 70

SURA YA TANO: HITIMISHO NA MAPENDEKEZO ..................................... 72

5.0 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 72

5.1 Muhtasari wa Utafiti ............................................................................................ 72

5.2 Matokeo ya Utafiti ............................................................................................... 74

5.3 Mchango mpya wa Utafiti Huu ............................................................................ 77

5.4 Changamoto za Utafiti ......................................................................................... 78

5.5 Utoshelevu wa Nadharia ...................................................................................... 79

5.6 Mapendekezo ya Jumla ........................................................................................ 79

5.7 Mapendekezo kwa Tafiti Zijazo .......................................................................... 80

MAREJELEO .......................................................................................................... 81

BIBLIOGRAFIA ...................................................................................................... 83

VIAMBATISHO ......................................................................................................