ABSTRACT
Crateva adansonii is a medicinal herb commonly used in parts of Africa because of the side effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID), like heart diseases and kidney failure. Inflammation is a major public heart issue in the world but treatment is becoming complex because of the side effects of anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical drugs. Hence the need for alternative drug is highly required. This research work investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of dichloromethane fraction of methanol extract of Crateva adansonii stem bark, using rodent model. Adult Swiss albino rats (110-200g) of either sex were randomlydivided into 5 groups of 4 animals each. Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received different doses of the extract (300mg, 500mg, 700mg, and 900mg) in 3% v/v tween 80 administered intraperitonally respectively. Control group-1 received volume of 3%v/v tween 80 and standards group received 100mg/kg Ibuprofen. One hour later acute inflammation was induced by injection of 0.1ml of undiluted egg albumin into the sub planter of the right hand paw of rats. The volume of the paw was measured by mercury displacement before and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 & 3 hours after egg albumin injection, while the standard was measured at internals of one hour, for up to 4 hours. Edema formation was assessed in terms of the difference in the zero time per volume of the injected pair and its volume at the different time after egg albumin injection. For each dose of extract, percentage inhibition of edema was calculated percentage inhibition. Result show that Crateva adansonii may have anti-inflammatory effects. This finding supports the use stem bark of Crateva adansonii in not only traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Table of Content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Introduction
1.1Crateva adansonii
1.2Research Aim & Objectives
CHAPTER TWO
2.1Definition of Inflammation
2.1.1What is Anti-inflammation? Types of Inflammation (Acute and Chronic) -
2.1.2Steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2.1.3 Immune selective anti-inflammatory derivative
2.1.4Pain
2.1.5Long effect of inflammation
2.1.6Ice Treatment of Inflammation
2.1.7Nutritional sources of anti-inflammatory compounds
2.2Vascular event in inflammation-
2.2.1Vasoconstriction
2.2.2Vasodilation
2.2.3Vascular permeability
2.3Cellular event
2.3.1Leukocytes migration as specific
Hemoral/cellular immunity
2.4Mediators of inflammation
2.4.1Cell derived mediators of inflammation
2.4.2Histamine
2.4.3Cytokines
2.4.4Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)
2.4.5Platelet-Activating factor (PAF)
2.4.6Arachidonic Acid (AA
2.4.7Free radicals as mediators of inflammation
2.4.8Nitric Acid (NO)
2.4.9Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
CHAPTER THREE
3.1Materials, equipments and apparatus --
3.2Chemical, reagents and practical technique-
3.2.1Methanol
3.2.2N-Hexane
3.2.3Ethyl acetate
3.2.4Dichloromethane
3.3Methodology
3.3.1Collection and preparation of plant
3.3.2Extraction and fractionation of plant materials
3.4Phytochemical Analysis
3.5Column chromatography
3.6Thin layer chromatography
3.7How to run TCL plate
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Experimental result
4.1Tabular and graphical representation of effect of anti-inflammatory effect of Crateva adansonii dichloromethane extract- -
4.2Phytochemical analysis of extract (result) -
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Discussion
5.1Conclusion
REFERENCE
APPENDIXI
APPENDIXII
APPENDIXIII