Tiv Transformational Generative Grammar

"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB">ABBREVIATIONS AND TONE MARKING CONVENTION

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB"> The work adopted Welmer’s tone marking

convention which states that only the first of the sequence of syllables on the

same pitch level is marked leaving the subsequent ones unmarked until a

contrasting pitch is reached and get marked. Secondly, two consecutive acute

marks are to be interpreted as high followed by down step in the same word or

across word.(Welmer, 1973).

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mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB">Realised as

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AUX-      Auxiliary

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VP      -  verb phrase

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NP     -   noun phrase

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB">So      -  

initial stage

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB">Si      -  final

stage

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FSG-  finite state grammar

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PSG      -  phrase structure grammar

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TGG      - Transformational

generative grammar

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SA        - structural Analysis

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SC-  structural change

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SD        -  structural description

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB">X / Y      -

variable

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mso-ansi-language:EN-US">TABLE OF CONTENTS

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Title Page       …………………………………………………………………….  .i

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Certification

……………………………………………………………………..   ii

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Approval Page

…………………………………………………………………..   iii

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Dedication     …………………………………………………………………….  iv

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………….. v

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Abbreviations

and Tone Convention………………………………………………...vi

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Table of Contents...………………………………………………………………     vii

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Abstract         …………………………………………………………………….   viii

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> 

mso-ansi-language:EN-US">CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">1.1     Background to the Study      …………………………………………………..1

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">1.2     Statement of the Problem     ………………………………………………….5

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">1.3     Research Questions …………………………………………………………….5

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">1.4     Purpose of the Study……………………………………………………………6

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">1.4     Significance of the Study     ……………………………………………………7

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">1.5     Scope/ Delimitation of the Study    …………………………………………… 7

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> 

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> 

mso-ansi-language:EN-US">CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.1      Conceptual Approach to Generative Grammar:

An Overview   …………    8

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.2     Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………...   15

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.2.1   Transformation …………………………………………………………      18

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.2.2   Generative ………………………………………………………………… 19

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.2.2.1

Generative Rule ………………………………………………………….. 

20

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.2.2.2

Transformational Rules ………………………………………………… …21

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.2.3    Grammar……………………………………………………………………23

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3       Types of Transformation    ………………………………………………….23

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.1    Deletion Transformation…………………………………………………….23

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.1.1Imperativisation…………………………………………………………....25

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.1.2

Dative Deletion …………………………………………………………… 26

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.1.3

Deletion under the Condition of Identity …………………………………..27

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.1.4Relativisation………………………………………………………………..28

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.1.5

Deletion under the Condition of  Indefiniteness……………………………..28

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.1.6

Conjunction Reduction……………………………………………………..29

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.1.7

Affix Hopping………………………………………………………………30

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.2

Adjunction Transformation …………………………………………………..30

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.2.1

Extraposition………………………………………………………………..31

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.2.2 Do

Support………………………………………………………………….32

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.2.3

There-Insertion………………………………………………………………32

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.3.2.4

Focus and Topicalisation……………………………………………………33

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.4    Relationship between Move Alpha and

Adjunction/ Substitution…………35

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.5      Empirical Studies…………………………………………………………   41

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2.6       Summary of Literature Review……………………………………………

42

mso-ansi-language:EN-US">CHAPTER THREE: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.0   Preamble………………………………………………………………………   43

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.1   Deletion Transformation in Tiv Syntax………………………………………43

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.1.1  Imperativisation……………………………………………………………… 46

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.1.2   Equi NP Deletion………………………………………………………….   49

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.1.2   Equi VP Deletion……………………………………………………………52

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.1.3   Deletion under the Condition of  Indefiniteness……………………………54

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.1.4   Relativisation………………………………………………………………..54

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.1.5   Affix Hopping…………………………………………………………… …56

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.2    Adjunction Transformation in Tiv Syntax…………………………………….56

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.2.1

Extraposition………………………………………………………………..  

58

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.2.2

“kwagher/or er” Insertion……………………………………………….. ….59

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.2.3 Yes/No

Question in Tiv………………………………………………………60

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.2.4

Reflexivisation………………………………………………………………..61

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3.2.5

Focusing and Topicalisation………………………………………………….63

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mso-ansi-language:EN-US">CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">4.1  Findings…………………………………………………………………65

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">4.2  Recommendation……………………………………………………......65

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">4.3  Contributionof the Study………………………………………………65

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">4.4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………   66

mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> References…………………………………………………………………    

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mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Abstract

mso-ansi-language:EN-US">This research examines Tiv Transformational generative

syntax with focus on deletion and adjunction. Deletion and