Usawiri Wa Utamaduni Wa Hadhira Lengwa Katika Riwaya Zilizotafsiriwa Kwa Kiswahili: Mifano Kutoka Barua Ndefu Kama Hii

YALIYOMO

IKIRARI NA HAKI MILIKI ....................................................................................... i

ITHIBATI YA MSIMAMIZI ..................................................................................... ii

SHUKRANI ............................................................................................................... iii

TABARUKU ............................................................................................................. iv

IKISIRI ........................................................................................................................ v

YALIYOMO .............................................................................................................. vi

VIAMBATISHO ......................................................................................................... x

ORODHA YA VIFUPISHO VILIVYOTUMIKA .................................................... xi

SURA YA KWANZA ................................................................................................ 1

UTANGULIZI ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Utangulizi .............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Ufafanuzi wa Istilahi Muhimu Zilizotumika katika Utafiti Huu .......................... 1

1.2.1 Tafsiri ................................................................................................................. 1

1.2.2 Utamaduni .......................................................................................................... 1

1.2.3 Mila .................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.4 Desturi ................................................................................................................ 2

1.2.5 Riwaya ............................................................................................................... 2

1.2.6 Lugha Chanzi (LC) ............................................................................................ 2

1.2.7 Lugha Lengwa (LL) ........................................................................................... 3

1.2.8 Matini Chanzi (MC) ........................................................................................... 3

1.2.9 Matini Lengwa (ML).......................................................................................... 3

1.2.10 Mfasiri .............................................................................................................. 3

1.2.11 Fasihi Iliyotafsiriwa ......................................................................................... 3

1.3 Historia ya Tafsiri ................................................................................................. 4

1.4 Usuli wa Tatizo la Utafiti ...................................................................................... 7

1.5 Tamko la Tatizo la Utafiti ................................................................................... 10

1.6 Malengo ya Utafiti .............................................................................................. 10

1.6.1 Lengo la Jumla ................................................................................................. 10

1.6.2 Malengo Mahsusi ............................................................................................. 11

1.7 Maswali ya Utafiti ............................................................................................... 11

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1.8 Manufaa ya Utafiti .............................................................................................. 11

1.9 Muhtasari wa Barua Ndefu kama Hii.................................................................. 11

1.10 Historia Fupi ya Mwandishi .............................................................................. 13

1.11 Historia Fupi ya Mfasiri .................................................................................... 14

1.12 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Kwanza .......................................................................... 14

SURA YA PILI ............................................................................................................. 16

MAPITIO YA MAANDIKO NA KIUNZI CHA NADHARIA ................................... 16

2.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................ 16

2.2 Mapitio ya Maandiko .......................................................................................... 16

2.2.1 Maandiko Yahusuyo Tafsiri na Fasihi ya Kiswahili ........................................ 16

2.2.2 Maandiko kuhusu Tafsiri na Utamaduni .......................................................... 18

2.3 Kiunzi cha Nadharia ............................................................................................ 23

2.3.1 Nadharia ya Mifumo Fungamani ..................................................................... 23

2.3.2 Nadharia ya Skopos ......................................................................................... 25

2.4 Mapengo Yanayojitokeza Kutokana na Mapitio ya Maandiko........................... 26

2.5 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Pili ................................................................................... 27

SURA YA TATU ..................................................................................................... 28

METHODOLOJIA YA UTAFITI ............................................................................ 28

3.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................ 28

3.2 Usanifu wa Utafiti ............................................................................................... 28

3.3 Eneo la Utafiti ..................................................................................................... 28

3.4 Walengwa wa Utafiti........................................................................................... 29

3.4.1 Wango Tafitiwa ................................................................................................ 29

3.4.2 Usampulishaji na Sampuli ya Watafitiwa ........................................................ 29

3.5 Njia za Kukusanyia Data za Utafiti ..................................................................... 30

3.5.1 Usaili ................................................................................................................ 30

3.5.2 Udurusu wa Maandiko ..................................................................................... 31

3.6 Zana za Kukusanyia Data za Utafiti.................................................................... 31

3.6.1 Kompyuta ......................................................................................................... 31

3.6.2 Kalamu na Daftari ............................................................................................ 31

3.6.3 Simu ya Mkononi ............................................................................................. 31

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3.6.4 Mwongozo wa Usaili ....................................................................................... 32

3.7 Mchakato wa Ukusanyaji wa Data ...................................................................... 32

3.8 Uchanganuzi wa Data ......................................................................................... 32

3.9 Vikwazo vya Utafiti na Utatuzi Wake ................................................................ 33

3.10 Itikeli za Utafiti ................................................................................................. 33

3.11 Uhalali na Uthabiti wa Matokeo ya Utafiti ....................................................... 34

3.12 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Tatu ............................................................................... 34

SURA YA NNE ........................................................................................................ 35

UWASILISHAJI NA MJADALA WA MATOKEO YA UTAFITI ........................ 35

4.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................ 35

4.2 Vipengele vya Utamaduni wa Hadhira Lengwa katika Barua Ndefu kama Hii . 35

4.2.1 Masuala ya Kijamii .......................................................................................... 35

4.2.1.1 Kifo/Mazishi ................................................................................................. 36

4.2.1.2 Ndoa .............................................................................................................. 44

4.2.1.3 Malezi ............................................................................................................ 50

4.2.2 Imani za Dini .................................................................................................... 52

4.2.3 Mifumo Milo .................................................................................................... 57

4.2.3.1 Vyakula na Vinywaji..................................................................................... 58

4.2.4 Mavazi .............................................................................................................. 61

4.2.5 Matumizi ya Lugha .......................................................................................... 64

4.2.6 Mawasiliano na Utunzaji wa Kumbukumbu .................................................... 68

4.2.7 Burudani ........................................................................................................... 70

4.2.8 Matumizi ya Dawa ........................................................................................... 71

4.3 Umuhimu wa Kuzingatia Vipengele vya Utamaduni wa Hadhira Lengwa ........ 72

4.3.1 Kushawishi Wasomaji Lengwa ........................................................................ 73

4.3.2 Kuwafanya Wasomaji Kuelewa ....................................................................... 75

4.3.3 Kuepuka Ugumu wa Kupata Visawe Faafu ..................................................... 79

4.3.4 Kuepuka Mivutano ya Kitamaduni .................................................................. 80

4.4 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Nne .................................................................................. 82

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SURA YA TANO .................................................................................................... 83

MUHTASARI, HITIMISHO NA MAPENDEKEZO .............................................. 83

5.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................ 83

5.2 Muhtasari wa Tasnifu .......................................................................................... 83

5.3 Hitimisho la Tasnifu ............................................................................................ 84

5.3.1 Utoshelevu wa Nadharia Zilizotumika............................................................. 85

5.3.2 Mchango Mpya wa Utafiti Huu ....................................................................... 86

5.3.3 Mapendekezo ya Utafiti Huu ........................................................................... 86

5.3.4 Mapendekezo Kuhusu Tafiti Zijazo ................................................................. 87

MAREJELEO ........................................................................................................... 89

VIAMBATISHO ....................................................................................................... 92