EXTENDED ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop tools for biomass estimation and quantify carbon stored in mangrove forests of Tanzania mainland. The study was carried out in four sites along the Tanzanian coastline; Pangani, Bagamoyo, Rufiji and Lindi-Mtwara. A total of 120 plots were measured along transects running perpendicular to sea/rivers. From each plot, one tree was destructively sampled for aboveground biomass. Thirty among 120 trees were sampled for belowground biomass. Data analys...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop grown worldwide. It serves as a main source of protein and starch for over 300 million people in East Africa and Latin America. Despite its importance, production of common bean is constrained by viruses which cause important diseases of common bean. It is also known that different common bean genotypes respond differently to different viruses. In order to ascertain this information, the following specific objectives...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Studies were undertaken between 2012 and 2015 in Mtwara region, Tanzania to establish an understanding of the factors affecting population dynamics in Oecophylla longinoda. Experiments included assessment on; how viable offsprings are produced, when nuptial flights occur and environmental cues that trigger flights. Oecophylla longinoda queens were collected at four steps: before flight, immediately after leaving the nest, up to 12 h after leaving the nest and after settling...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Although climate change has posed challenges among the farming communities in different places, it is yet not sufficiently known how peri-urban farmers of Temeke District mitigate and adapt to this phenomenon. This study was set to contribute in addressing this gap. Specifically, the study: i) assessed awareness of peri-urban farmers and the effects of climate change on peri-urban farming; ii) examined mitigation and adaptation measures of peri-urban farmers as a response t...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted in four villages in Rungwe District, Mbeya region in Tanzania to investigate factors that influence the commercialization of RP production. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of 400 household heads. The survey was complemented by FGDs at village levels, in-depth interviews with key informants, and observation. Data was quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Based on multiple linear regression results, socio-economic factors such as age, se...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Livestock production especially ruminants, is one of the major agricultural activities in Tanzania. Both traditional and improved livestock production depend on natural and improved forages which are inadequate due to land use pressures from other users which sometimes result in resource use conflicts. Land ownership to intensify livestock farming is shown to be one of the steps for increased livestock productivity, improved degraded grazing land and for resolving conflicts...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Silage production strategy has never been widely adopted by majority of dairy farmers in Tanzania. On the other hand, most silage making technologies are expensive and not technically viable under smallholder production. Studies which have been done in developing cheap, practical and technically feasible silage making technologies concentrated on a single dimensional approach of intervention, i.e. pre-ensiling treatments, additives, others on ensiling amount and storage pos...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT A growing viticulture industry in Dodoma, Tanzania has sparked a need to establish best management in irrigation practices for the improvement of quality of vine grapes and wine. Drip irrigation is important in vines cultivation in tropical semi-arid areas as it improves water productivity more than other irrigation systems. Fully irrigated grapes have shown to have higher yield and lower grape quality when compared to rain fed grapes which are coincidently under limited wa...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT This work aimed at characterizing Angular Leaf Spot (ALS) and Pseudocercospora griseola in relation to its host and characterization of resistant genotypes amongst the locally adapted genotypes. A survey was conducted in nine regions where disease severity was established and samples of pathogen and genotypes collected for variability study based on molecular and pathogenicity characteristics. Resistant genotypes were characterized based on their response to ALS in field an...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Worldwide, there is increased use of antimicrobial drugs due to the occurrence of diseases of human and animals. The general objective was to study the effect of cooking procedures and cold storage on the levels of Oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in beef in Tanzania. The study used a cross-sectional research design whereby both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the Dodoma region, Tanzania. The household survey was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude ...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT On a coastline, tidal water and air constantly reach land surface and/or aquifer. Tropical forests before or adjacent to this line are usually having a wide range of habitats. Jozani Groundwater Forest (JGWF) is one of the tropical coastal forests with a wide range of floral and faunal habitats. The forest (JGWF) has a significant role in biodiversity conservation and ecotourism. International bodies including UNESCO recognize JGWF as the most important part of Jozani-Chwa...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT In Tanzania, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an integral component of most cropping systems and is among the most important staples in many zones. It is an essential component as a food security crop and provides useful opportunities for extending labour use and sometimes considered as a famine reserve when cereals fail due to its drought tolerance. Cassava is attacked by several pests, among which cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Acarina: Tetranychidae) is ...
ABSTRACT The cure of HIV/AIDS has not been discovered, hence causing fear, discrimination and stigmatization to the victims. The general objective of this study was to establish whether healthcare professionals understood and adhered to different codes of professional ethics while treating HIV/AIDS patients, and whether lack of this contributed to fear, discrimination and stigma. The study examined this problem through the utilitarian ethical theory propagated by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuar...
The business environment today is characterized as Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous thus the capability to sense and respond to market threats and opportunities with speed and surprise has become essential for survival of organizations. The commercial banks operating in Kenya are experiencing a fast pace of change characterized by customers‘ sophistication, strict regulation and supervision, technology advancement and liberalization of banking license leading to rapid internationa...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Undernutrition among children under five years old is still a public health problem in Tanzania despite the global and national efforts in combating it. The Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC) has initiated a number of projects and programmes in order to curb the problem of undernutrition in Tanzania. Despite the efforts, Tanzania has the highest rate of prevalence of undernutrition in East and Southern Africa. This study was c...