ABSTRACT The agriculture sector in Kenya is critical in the achievement of food security, employment creation and provision of raw materials for agro-industries. The sector is affected by various challenges that impact negatively on its performance. Human-wildlife conflict is one of the pressing challenges farmers in Laikipia County are experiencing despite agricultural extension promoting various mitigation strategies. Available evidence showed that information on the effectiveness of Agricu...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Education is widely acknowledged as a transformative tool for any desired human behaviour. Similarly, agricultural education and training has been a pivotal tool in improving productivity and efficiency in the agricultural sector. However, its outcomes in terms of graduate alignment to farming entrepreneurship is questionable since majority of youth graduating from agricultural colleges have shown limited interest in engaging in farm related enterprises. Besides, disintere...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Legal Aid Services (LAS) providers have paid much attention to advocating women’s human right issues. Yet, violation of women rights manifested in various forms of Gender Based Violence (GBV) against Women is still rampant. Experience shows that, in most cases, victims remain silent and therefore perpetrators of violence are not reported to formal or informal institutions for legal actions. Since most of the perpetrators are men, violation of women rights is one of the mo...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Salmonella infection is the second leading cause of foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Salmonella spp. as one of the foodborne pathogens are widely distributed in food animal production systems. Food animal products, therefore, are considered as the major reservoir for the pathogens. Salmonella spp. have the potential to contaminate food across the production chain. Most strains of commonly occurring serotypes, such as Typhimurium, have been shown to exhibit multi-drug ...
ABSTRACT Understanding the role traditions play in forest resources management from the insider's perspective is central in determining dynamics in forest management at the community level. It has been populated that engaging, rather than disengaging local communities in efforts towards natural resources management including forest resources is cardinal based on communities' historical interactions with their resources. Accordingly, the value of traditional practices in natural resources man...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Experiments to determine the potential of Weaver ants, Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as biocontrol agents of major insect pests of cashew and mango were conducted at Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute in Mtwara and Kibaha in the Coast region, during 2012/13 and 2013/14 fruiting seasons. Cashew is attacked by Coconut bugs, Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown; Mirid bugs, Helopeltis spp. and Thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus Giard. Mango is threatene...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the major export crops in Tanzania, contributing 24% to the agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP). The crop contributes directly to the livelihoods of over 420 000 farm families and indirectly to over 2 million people employed in the coffee value-chain. The Tanzanian average coffee production is variably pegged at 45 000 – 52 000 metric tons annually, while smallholder coffee productivity per tree ranges between 250 and 300g of parchment which is lo...
The theoretical origins of this dissertation arise from a quest to understand and explain two key puzzles relating to EU negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (called Economic Partnership Agreement) with the African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States. These negotiations have been ongoing since 2002. These puzzles are: One, there is the puzzle of how to explain the variable speed that now differentiates ACP regions and states in their ratification of their 2007 EPA agreement? ACP sta...
Immanuel Kant rejected the classical ontological, cosmological, and teleological arguments for the existence of God on the grounds of their probabilistic status. Having comprehensively analysed, criticized, and rejected the classical proofs of God’s existence, Kant turned to the moral field to find justification for the belief in God. Having concluded that speculative or pure reason (which supports the classical metaphysical argument) cannot escape the sphere of probability, Kant turne...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Recurrent conflicts between farmers and pastoralists have brought significant impact on both groups and the society at large in Kilosa and Mvomero districts. Mitigation of conflicts between farmers and pastoralists, with the intention of bringing up peace and tranquility in the community is important for empowering farmers and pastoralists in terms of skills in modern farming without encroaching other land, keeping livestock without disturbing others and arbitration mechani...
ABSTRACT For the world to be fit to live in, there needs to be a preponderance of peace, and peace is not the absence of war, but the presence of justice. Hence, Augustine says, “remove justice and what are kingdoms but gangs of criminals on a large scale.” Where justice is denied, the results are evident - a state of war of everyman against everyman, violations of rights, bloodshed, and clash of interests. While the interests of the stronger prevail, the weaker ones resort to resistance...
The Kenya government, in collaboration with other stakeholders involved in the provision of family planning services, have put in place various strategies and policies to increase uptake of family planning services. These are aimed at increasing contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), reduction in both total fertility rate (TFR) and unmet need for family planning services. Despite the various strategies and policies, total fertility rate still remains high at 4.6 percent, while CPR and unmet nee...
ABSTRACT Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs/Long Lasting Insecticide-Treated Nets (LLINs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) have contributed to halving global malaria incidence and mortality rates. Achieving zero malaria transmission using these methods which target indoor-feeding mosquitoes is hampered by residual malaria transmission attributable to outdoor-feeding mosquitoes. This study evaluated potential malaria vector-control methods that target outdoor-feeding Anopheles mosquitoes to con...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Women play critical roles in agricultural value chains in developing countries. However, their participation in value chain development activities does not always result into their empowerment. The main objective of this study was to examine the impacts of women participation in onion value chain development activities on their empowerment. The study was conducted in Simanjiro District and adopted a cross-sectional research design. Qualitative and quantitative data were co...
ABSTRACT The small agro-processing sub-sector accounts for over 80% of all firms in Tanzania. However, the firms have not been effective in absorbing new labour in the market, as reflected by the unemployment rate, which increased from 5% in 2001to 10% in 2011. The low rate of labour absorption has been partly attributed to the slow growth of small agro-processing firms, which grew by only 10%. Labour productivity also is perceived to be low. Hence firms within the sub-sector have not perfor...