Abstract: This study evaluated the antimicrobial activities and the physicochemical characteristics of five honey samples (White, Red, Yellow, Black, and Mixed) from Wollayta, Ethiopia. The agar dilution method was used to assess the antibacterial activities of honey against S.Typhimurium and E.coli strains. Microbial growth inhibition was determined by measuring the diameter of clear zone of microbial growth around the well in the agar. The mean inhibition zone diameters (mm) for White, Red...
Abstract: In this thesis, the synthesis, optimization and application of a simple aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) specific extraction polymer sorbent based on molecular imprinting technology (MIT), for the selective pre-concentration of the potent AFB1 toxin from child weaning food, Tsabana manufactured in Serowe, Botswana is presented. As a food safety regulatory measure, the Tsabana must be cleared of the hazardous aflatoxins especially AFB1 before consumption as it is the most potent amongst those co...
Abstract: A novel, selective, sensitive, cheap and robust hemoglobin imprinted polymer (Hb-MIP) in the form of a powder, was synthesised through bulk, free-radical polymerization employing molecular imprinting technology (MIT), for the selective removal of interfering hemoglobin from whole blood samples prior to instrumental analysis in molecular diagnostics and toxicological assays. Following solid phase extraction clean-up through batch rebinding experiments, the Hb-MIP powder effectively ...
Abstract: A technique for estimation of measurement uncertainty of routine pH measurement using pH meters; Thermo scientific Orion Star and Basic 20 is presented. There are issues associated with pH measurements, what we actually measure is not usually what we would expect or even intend, and it is common practice that analysts just take the immediate reading without doing repetitions. The pH measurements made from one chemical laboratory are not consistent with those made in a differen...
Abstract: This thesis presents a novel sample preparation strategy that employed a custom-synthesized glucose – fructose (G-F) specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) powder as an adsorbent for the simultaneous, selective extraction, isolation, pre-concentration of total glucose and fructose from the complex and `dirty` sample matrix of ‘100%’ fruit juices in order to improve their accurate analysis. The ‘100%’ fruit juice samples were purchased from retail shops in Palapye, B...
Abstract: A novel multi-templated Cu-Fe-Ni ion imprinted powder was synthesized to demonstrate the selective and simultaneous removal of targeted ions; Cu(II), Fe(II) and Ni(II), employing molecular imprinting technology (MIT) via template (print ions) guided by bulk polymerization method reacting methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) as cross linking agent in the presence of the initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN); Cu(II), Fe(II) a...
Abstract: Kleinia longiflora belongs to the family Asteraceae and genus Kleinia (synonym Senecio) which comprises of about 40 species. Preliminary phytochemical investigation done on this plant showed the presence of terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. The phytochemical investigation on the non-volatile compounds from the plant led to the isolation of a triterpenoid lupeol 1 (0.403 g), a flavonoid named isorhamnetin-5-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl (1'''-6'')-β-glucopyranose 11 (0.658 ...
The pharmaceutical develops, produces, and markets drug licensed for use as medications. They are subjected to variety of laws and regulations of the government regarding the patenting, testing, pricing and ensuring safety and efficacy and marketing of drugs. The study of sorption of rifampicin in the leaching to contaminate the under-ground water has been the concerns of researchers in the world and many results and finding has been put in place. The environment is increasingly being recogni...
Abstract: Control of disease vectors by use of synthetic chemical pesticides has been associated with a series of problems, including resistance development, environmental pollution, and safety risks for humans and domestic animals. Plant-based products have been used for generations in traditional practices to control different arthropods. These have been used in space or personal protection either to repel the arthropods from distance or to deter them from blood-feeding on contact. In the ...
Abstract: The contamination of food is increasingly becoming a concern in developing countries due to the mounting amounts of heavy metals in urban environments. Juices are common beverages in the usual diet and contribute significantly to the nutritional intake of essential and harmful trace elements. Currently, there is inadequate information regarding the amounts of heavy metals in juice from sugarcane produced along rivers in Nairobi city. In the present study, the levels of heavy metals...
Abstract: Ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep, and camels host highly diverse microbial communities in their rumens that ferment fibrous plant materials to produce energy. However, this fermentation process also generates significant amounts of volatile organic compounds and greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, which are released into the environment through various excretion routes. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere contributes to global warming and clima...
Green leaves and stems have a quite high quantity of water and it’s difficult to obtained an accurate solvent to extract the constituents from the aqueous cells. So the choices of solvent to be used may determine the success of the extraction. In this research work two different solvents were used to extract photochemical parameters in Momordica charantia leaves and stems. The phyto constituents extracted by the solvents from the leaves and stems of M.charantia was compared. In a nutshe...
An analysis of the purity and sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels in various sugar brands was conducted between January and November 2020. The SO2 levels in the sugar samples were determined using the rapid iodometric titration method, which involved titrating the samples with iodine solution to measure the SO2 content. The color of the sugar samples was analyzed using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 420 nm, and the color was assessed based on absorbance values. Based on the results, it is...
ABSTRACT Alum (potassium aluminum sulfate-K+Al3+ (SO42-) 2), ferrous sulfate (Fe2+ SO42-), ferric chloride (Fe2+2Cl-) and ferric chloro-sulfate (Fe2+Cl-SO42-) were commonly used as coagulants. However, a possible link of Alzheimer’s disease with conventional aluminum based coagulants and other adverse bioaccumulation cases associated with heavy metal have become an issue in wastewater treatment. Hence, special attention has shift towards using biodegradable polymer like chitosan in treatme...
Abstract These findings documented the physical, chemical and heavy metal contents in leachate, borehole water, surface stream, treated water and soil samples around the municipal solid waste dumpsite at Uyo metropolis, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. Samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons 2010/2011. The samples were analysed for the following parameters: heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb), anions (PO3 4,SO2- 4,Cl- , NO3, NH+ 4-N), essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg), total disso...