African trypanosomosis is a vector-borne disease that is caused by a flagellated protozoon of the genus Trypanosoma. Large populations of human and domestic animals are at risk of infections with trypanosomes in vast areas of sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is endemic. Human infections with trypanosomes are referred to as Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT) while animal infections are known as African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT). These infections are more prevalent in the rural areas (Ato...
ABSTRACT Livestock production is one of the farming systems and has a great impact on food and economic security in most developing countries. Animal African trypanosomiasis is a major limitation to livestock production in Africa, particularly cattle production. The disease is caused by Trypanosoma spp., a broad range of protozoan parasites of wild and domestic animals through cyclical and mechanical transmission. Cross-sectional studies conducted in Ghana reveal the common species of trypano...
Introduction Bacteria are essential components of all ecosystems. They inhabit soil, water, air and even travel in space (Afshinnekoo et al., 2015; Osman et al., 2008). Bacteria also survive on inanimate objects such as fomites either transiently or for long periods (Boone and Gerba, 2007; Miller and Diep, 2008). Some bacteria that live in contact with or infect animals, have been implicated in zoonotic infections, which can be a health risk for humans (Cantas and Suer, 2014) and can modulate...
ABSTRACT Background: The face of HIV/AIDS disease is constantly evolving, spreading among populations, and the virus mutating to become resistant to available antiretroviral drugs. Nevirapine, a NNRTI is widely used as the first-line treatment of HIV-1 infection in developing countries. Although it is generally well tolerated and effective, some individuals experience severe cutaneous and/or hepatic adverse events during the initial weeks of therapy. The risk factors associated with the devel...
ABSTRACT Kombucha tea is a slightly sweet, slightly acidic refreshing beverage consumed worldwide. Kombucha is a symbiosis of the Genera Acetobacter and Gluconobacter, with Acetobacter xylinum as a characteristic species, and various yeasts such as genera of Brettanomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, Saccharomyces and Pichia depending on the source. The tea fungus broth is composed of two portions, a floating cellulosic pellicle layer and a sour liquid broth. Black and green tea are known to be t...
ABSTRACT The possible influence of aflatoxin a potent hepatocellular carcinogen on the regulation of intracellular Ca^+ homeostasis has been studied using the red cell as a model. Preliminary work on the interaction of the toxin with the red cell membrane using spectrofluometric analysis indicated that the toxin binds spontaneously and irreversibly to the red cell membrane. The binding is highest at pH 4 and least at pH 10. Results obtained from studies using equilibrum dialysis technique sh...
ABSTRACT The effects of the liver tumour promoter, dicophane, with those of low protein intake (LPI) 2+ on the functional expression of rat liver microsomal Ca -ATPase were compared. The effects of dicophane and LPI on the activity of the microsomal enzyme after carcinogenic initiation by pretreatment with aflatoxin B (AFB ), a genotoxic liver carcinogen, were also 1 2+ compared. The Status of membrane - bound Ca -ATPase of erythrocytes of humans having primary liver cancer (PLC) and kwashior...
ABSTRACT Lamivudine (L(-)2 1 ,31 –dideoxy–3-thiacytidine) is an antiretroviral drug which exhibits tissue toxicity leading to peripheral neuropathy and parkinsonism. The exact mechanism of cytotoxicity and effects on target tissues are not well understood. This study was designed to elucidate the effects of lamivudine on biochemical indices in the liver, kidney and brain of rats. Female Wistar rats (180-200g) were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 6 rats each treated orally for 45 days ...
ABSTRACT Processing o f gold arsenopyrite and sulphide ores is currently done with biooxidizing bacteria. This procedure is preferred because of its environmental friendliness and efficiency o f gold recovery from ores, compared to the conventional methods. The efficiency of biomining is, however, largely influenced by the origin o f biooxidizing bacteria used and local organisms have been found to be better adapted to extracting gold from the ore from which they were isolated. The work repor...
ABSTRACT Competitive Binding Assay methods have been used to determine the serum levels of 25- hydroxyvitamin D^ in healthy Ghanaians and patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver and chronic renal failure. Although the assay followed fairly standard methods as used by several workers, an improvement in stability and sensitivity was obtained by the use of gelatin in the buffer; the final assay buffer being 0.02M phosphate buffer, pH 7 ,C with 0.1% gelatin. Though rachitic rat s...
ABSTRACT Several plants have been used in the treatment of various disorders without scientific basis. The present study examine the pancreatic effect of Buchholzia coriacea formulated diet in sucrose-fed pregnant rats and their offspring. Buchholzia coriacea seeds were obtained from Ogbete main market, Enugu state, identified, dried and grounded using a miller machine. 10% of the seed powder was used to formulate their diet. Thirty (240) adult female and six (6) adult male albino rats (180-2...
ABSTRACT Diabetic mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion , insulin action or both . The deficiency of insulin leads to chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate , fats and protein metabolism. Kigelia Africana is a sausage tree known to have medicinal values. The aim of this work is to evaluate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant capacity of the plant , methanol leaf extract of kigelia Africana which was used for the study. The leaves were g...
ABSTRACT This research was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals and proximate composition of different cereals (maize, millet and rice). Two different samples each sold in two different markets (Ogbete and Gariki) in Enugu, were used for this work, using atomic, absorption spectrophotometer. The heavy metal screening of the cereal samples showed the presence of arsenic in the range of 0.456ppm-0.955ppm but was not detected in sample E and f which are the two different ric...
ABSTRACT Malaria is a significant public health problem in the world especially in in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key contributory factors to the development and progression of malaria and its complications is oxidative stress, a condition characterized by increased production of free radicals or impaired antioxidant defence system. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) produces NADPH which intends regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant which helps in the removal of free...
ABSTRACT Plants have long been a source of nutrition and therapy to man. The medicinal value of these plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action in the human body. This study evaluated the oxytocic potential of methanol extract of Sida acuta on female albino rats in vitro. Oxytocin was used as a standard drug though it is a biochemically synthesized hormone that act on distant hormone receptor to induce contractions. The methanol extract was prepared...