Abstract: Ultrasound Imaging Is A Widely Used In Medical Diagnosing Imaging Techniques. Because Of Following: Low Cost, Painless And Considered Harmless To The Patients. However, The Main Problem Facing Ultrasound Images Is Speckle Noise, Which Is Inherent Multiplicative Noise That Reduces The Overall Quality Of The Images In Term Of Resolution And Contrast. Edge Detection In Medical Image Is An Important Task For Object Recognition Of The Human Organs, And It Is An Essential Pre-Processi...
Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most important diagnostic tools of modern healthcare. The signal in medical MRI predominantly originates from water and fat molecules. Separation of the two components into water-only and fat-only images can improve diagnosis, and is the premier non-invasive method for measuring the amount and distribution of fatty tissue. Fat-water imaging (FWI) enables fast fat/water separation by model-based estimation from chemical shift encoded dat...
Abstract Patient safety has become an international priority with major research programs being carried out. The aim of this research is to assess the concept of patient safety. Two artificial neural network systems were designed by using questionnaire for the classification of an idle and non-idle hospital. After training and testing the systems results were obtained for classification of data. The Two type of neural networks (Feed Forward Back propagation and Competitive neural network arc...
Abstract The present study aimed to accelerate and improve accuracy of ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutathione (GSH) quantification. These metabolites, present at low concentrations in the brain, are challenging to detect using MR spectroscopy due to the fact that their resonance frequencies overlap with those of other more abundant metabolites. The advanced spectral editing techniques involving J-difference editing that are required to resolve the overlapping signals of these low concen...
ABSTRACT Two-dimensional X-ray imaging is the dominant imaging modality in low-resource countries despite the existence of three-dimensional (3D) imaging modalities. This is because fewer hospitals in low-resource countries can afford the 3D imaging systems as their acquisition and operation costs are higher. However, 3D images are desirable in a range of clinical applications, for example surgical planning. The aim of this research was to develop a tool for 3D approximation of scapula bone f...
Abstract The study comprises of two sections; i) a survey to determine the attitude towards fitness training for rugby and the current fitness training habits of elite high school rugby players in their penultimate year at school, ii) a training study on a sample of the same population group, to measure the effect of a 12 week fitness training programme, based on scientific principles, on anthropometric, physiological and performance variables. The training study also measured the efficacy o...
Abstract Background: Despite the development of new drugs and success of social programs, tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality. This burden falls disproportionately on developing countries where the high burden of HIV has a potentiating e↵ect, but may soon return to areas where it was previously brought under control as resistant strains continue to emerge. In the Western Cape, two closely related strains of the Beijing family have been isolated that provide an opportunity to s...
ABSTRACT Paleolimnology is the reconstruction of historical conditions of lakes using information contained in the sediment proxies. Previous studies have provided evidence for climate variability in the East African region over the last 200 years. However, the response of Lake Baringo to shifts in climate over the years remains unknown. As a consequence this thesis presents a sediment based semi-quantitative reconstruction of water level fluctuations and trophic state variations for Lake Bar...
Medical image play important role in medical investigation. Medical image use in telemedicine field too. When transferring or archiving was demanded, image needs to be compressed so as to reduce its size. Whereas reduction of image size contributes on reduce the bandwidth which is needed to transmit image and minimize the space of storage in archiving case. There are many standards used to deal with medical image like (PACS), (DICOM). In this research two algorithms were created to compr...
The early detection of breast cancer is of the outmost importance in order to increase survival rates. Mammography is considered as an effective tool to detect breast cancer, but due to the complexity of breast tissue texture and the observer variability effect, misdiagnosis of breast cancer frequently occurs. This research develops a simple Computer-aided detection (CAD) system in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of mammogram interpretation. The first step of the proposed al...
Drug delivery system is the method or process of introducing therapeutic substances into a body and improves efficiency and safety by controlling the rate, time and place of release of drugs in the body. In the past, the delivery of the drug faced many problems such as failure to reach the appropriate amount of specific cells. The drug delivery system using nanotechnology has limited or reduced these problems; despite some of the side effect problems of using this technology, such as th...
Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections have a global prevalence with high morbidity and mortality and Africa is the worst hit. The HIV and AIDS has profound impact on the TB epidemic in Kenya, where up to 60% of TB patients are likely to be HIV co-infected and the mortality rate attributed to TB. Lack of diagnostic capacity has been a major barrier preventing an effective management of HIV-associated and drug resistant tuberculosis (TB). Microscopy is the gold standard for TB diagno...
ABSTRACT Bacteria, intestinal epithelium, and host innate immune responses are among the most critical interacting factors that determine the fate of bacterial infections and disease outcomes. Recent studies have described multiple infections with evidence of more severe diarrhoea and molecular detection methods, suggesting the association of certain pathogens and commensal bacteria with more aggressive Shigella infection. However, the interaction between Shigella flexneri and human intestina...
ABSTRACT Serum electrolytes disorders in HIV patients in addition to resulting from disease induced fluids losses or accumulation could be attributed to a wide range of structural defects of cellular apparatus, tissue or organs of regulation. Most routine clinical investigation of impaired serum electrolytes in HIV infection limit attribution to body fluids charges and to primary organs of regulations. Such investigations do not address the likelihood of existence of multiple regulatory organ...
ABSTRACT Water is a commodity which is essential for life as it has long been singled out globally as the most important factor in sustaining human health. Among other factors linked to human health; water has been implicated in the transmission of waterborne infectious diseases such as typhoid, bacillary dysentery and cholera in Kenya. Potable water scarcity in Maseno Township is common; moreover ready-to-eat food outlet operators rely on water vendors whose water sources are hardly known by...