ABSTRACT Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae), which are the major vectors of human and animal trypanosomes, harbour bacterial gut symbionts Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius in close association with trypanosomes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, temporal variation and strain diversity of these endosymbionts in G. austeni and G. pallidipes from the Kenyan coast. The co-relation between symbiont and trypanosomes infection wa...
ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutantwhose exact toxicity mechanisms still remain elusive. However, cumulative data has implicated bioaccumulation as well as free radical generation in the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cadmium induced toxicity. Chelation therapy with calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (CaNa2EDTA), British Anti Lewisite (BAL), meso 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) is so far among the best known treatment again...
ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutantwhose exact toxicity mechanisms still remain elusive. However, cumulative data has implicated bioaccumulation as well as free radical generation in the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cadmium induced toxicity. Chelation therapy with calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (CaNa2EDTA), British Anti Lewisite (BAL), meso 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) is so far among the best known treatment again...
This study was conducted to establish reference values for some biochemical parameters of synovial fluid in Sudanese cattle and to compare them with the corresponding values in serum, also to establish the correlation and regression among serum and synovial fluid parameters. The bulls were selected from the herd of the Animal Production Research Centre- Khartoum North- Hilat kuku, from January 2018 to October 2019. Eleven blood samples and twenty two synovial fluid samples were collecte...
ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder that affects the body’s ability to make or use insulin, has become a major public-health issue globally. This is because of the numerous health problems it causes to humans including: brain damage, heart and renal diseases, circulatory problems, and death. The onset of diabetes mellitus can be due to various causes including genetic that leads mainly to development of Type I diabetes mellitus and the lifestyle of an individual that leads to o...
ABSTRACT Malaria is a health problem and drug resistance to antimalarial poses a great challenge to its treatment and control. Having a rapid activity against malaria parasites, artemisinins are the front line antimalarials. However, already there are reports on reduced response to artemisinins. Thus it’s important to monitor resistance in malaria risky areas. Merozoite surface protein (MSP) 1 and 2 genotyping has shown difference between isolates from primary and recurrent infections ...
ABSTRACT Studies show there is less ear damage by insect pests and increased soil fertility from maize/legume intercropping system. These are two main benefits with pre-harvest potential on ear rots incidence and severity which result into mycotoxins reduction. Therefore, in a two season study, impact of push-pull technology (PP), maize desmodium intercrop edged by Brachiaria or Napier grass, was assessed on incidence and severity of four common ear rots: Fusarium, Gibberella, Diplodia and As...
ABSTRACT Control and management of human African trypanosomosis faces many challenges including limited available drugs that are stage specific and also toxic, treatment failures and post treatment CNS and cardiac pathology which might be fatal. Because of ethical considerations, trypanosomosis and drug trial studies are conducted using animal models which have drawbacks. It is therefore important to develop models that can address the current drawbacks and also develop enzymatic disease stag...
ABSTRACT Agrochemical industries are faced with inadequate supply of molasses that is the main raw material for ethanol production creating a need to develop an alternative feedstock. The use of sweet sorghum will alleviate the problem. Three sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes, EUSS10, EUSS11, and EUSS17 were tested against five controls, SS21, SS17, SS14, ACFC003/12 and SS04 to evaluate their ethanol yield potential, stability, and adaptability in Busia, Siaya and Kisumu Cou...
ABSTRACT Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a major global public health concern with 36.9 million people infected. The HIV health burden is most felt in Sub-Saharan Africa, where about 70% of the infection occurs. The unprecedented scale-up of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the management of HIV and reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. However, long term sustainability of this success requires treatment monitoring and surveillance of emerging...
ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common type of liver cancer arising from progressive transformation of pre-cancerous dysplasia macronodules and hepatocytes is ranked as the fourth leading cause of death globally and a fifth cause of death in Africa. Several risk factors for HCC have been identified that include dietary and life style risks, significant genetic family history and predisposition to genetic mutation. It has been hypothesized that codon 249 of p53 gene is more suscepti...
ABSTRACT Contamination of drinking water sources remains a big challenge and many people lack access to safe potable water. In Njoro Sub-county the main water sources are rivers, man-made wells (protected and unprotected), boreholes, rainwater and springs (protected and unprotected). Although Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator organism for fecal contamination of water, some E. coli strains have acquired the ability to cause intestinal (gastroenteritis) and extraintestinal diseases in ...
ABSTRACT Malaria control through insecticide application has significantly been compromised by the advent of resistance to the insecticide in the Anopheles mosquito vector. These developments have necessitated the need to bio prospect for and understand the mode of action of novel insecticide introduction. Larvicidal potential in extracts from Aloe plants on Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Aedes aegypti third instar (two days old) larvae were evaluated. Extracts were obtained from Aloe tu...
ABSTRACT In Anopheles gambiae mosquito vector of malaria, mating is mediated by transfer of a plug (mating plug protein) from males to females. In the females, the constituents of the plug include male accessory glands (MAGs) proteins and female specific proteins that influence ovulation, oviposition, lifetime refractoriness to mating and other post-mating behaviors in the females. Manipulation of the plug can significantly affect the reproduction potential and concomitant population density ...
A great number of people all over the world suffer from diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms by which amino acids regulate insulin secretion in vivo may reveal novel sites for targeting drugs for the therapy of type 2 diabetes in the future. A descriptive analytical cross-sectional and hospital based study was done. The objectives of this study were to determine in the levels of selected amino acids in patients with diabetes type 2 and to measure the serum levels of insulin in Sudanese...