ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are low-molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by fungi, mostly of the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. They are noncritical to the instantaneous survival of the organism, and mostly affect its long-term survival. Fungal growth is enhanced by the warm, humid atmosphere and organic substrate-rich soil, such as exists in Nigeria, and they massively infect Nigerian plants and livestock. One consequence is reduced agricultural yield, which leads to food short...
This seminar report provides an in-depth examination of the microorganisms causing soft rot of tomato. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a red edible fruit having many varieties which are widely grown, often in greenhouses in cooler climates and open fields. It is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes and sauces, in drinks and as a vegetable for culinary purposes. Diseases are a major limiting factor for tomato production. Diseases can be classified into two ...
Abstract: Termites have recently gained importance as major pests in cocoa agroforests (AF) because of a loss in overall biodiversity at the transition from shaded agroforestry system to intensively managed unshaded monocultures (full sun) systems. Termite control relied almost exclusively on persistent organochlorine insecticides which are currently under restrictive use due to increasing concern over damage to human health and the environment. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered as...
Nine samples of freshly prepared kunu was taken from local vendors and hawkers at Tanke area, Ilorin, Kara State and analyzed for microbial quality. The pH of the samples ranged from 2.66 to 4.06. The total bacterial count ranged from 1.5×104 to 7.4×104 cfu/ml; the total coliform count ranged from 1.0x102 to 8.0x103cfu/ml; the faecal coliform count ranged from 0 to 3.0x103cfu/ml; the total fungi count ranged from 3.2x104 to 2.7x105cfu/ml. The presence of high microbial load was an indicatio...
ABSTRACT Onion is associated with micro-organisms which are capable of causing spoilage. Onions with rot were examined microscopically. A solution of it was made and the serial dilution of 1:10-1 to 1:1-5 were made from 10ml of the onions sample. From the dilution, 1ml of each diluent was plated on nutrient and saboor and dextrose agree to permit the grouth of the common bacterial and fungi, from the roffen onions. Duplicate plates were performed for each dilution. The plates was sivi...
Abstract: Seventeen isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and three isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) were evaluated for their pathogenicity to the adult pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae),in the laboratory. Flies were contaminated with dry conidia through a velvet material wrapped around the inner side of a cylindrical plastic tube. All the isolates were pathogenic to the pea leafminer,...
ABSTRACT Plastics, though widely used, have low biodegradability and hence are persistent in the environment, becoming a major source of pollution. The study herein was conducted to isolate, from soils, isolates of microorganisms capable of biodegradation of plastics. The soils were sampled from Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. The pH of the soils ranged between 6.46 and 8.91. Organic carbon ranged from 0.20 and 1.23%, which was very low to low. Total nitrogen ranged from 0.01 and 0.09%, wh...
ABSTRACT Seed health testing to detect seed-borne pathogens is an important step in the management of crop diseases. Laboratory and screen house experiments were carried out at Selian Agriculture Research Institute Arusha, to investigate the extent of seed-borne fungal pathogen problems from farmers saved seeds in Northern wheat growing Zone. A total of 45 untreated seed samples of wheat were collected from farmers saved seeds in Karatu, Hanang and Siha Districts. Each sample was physically i...
ABSTRACT Dried, milled cassava and yam peels were inoculated separately with A. nigermidRhizopus sp in solid state. The changes in crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and hemiccllulose were evaluated til 0. 4. X, and 10 days after inoculation. At. the end of the 10th day of fermentation with A. niger the crude protein of cassava peel meal (CPM) increased from 3.5% to 7.0% while that inoculated with Rhizopus sp increased to 5.25%. Cru...
Abstract: The fall armyworm (FAW) is a major pest of maize in America and its outbreaks in 2017 in Africa threatened maize, a staple food crop in the region. The effect of parasitoids, nine synthetic insecticides, eleven botanicals, five entomopathogens and pheromone lures have been studied against FAW in 2017 and 2018. Survey conducted in Jimma, Awash Melkasa, Hawasa, East and West Gojam identified three different species of parasitoids from FAW larvae belonging to Hymenoptera and Diptera. ...
Abstract Background: Fungus-cultivating termites make use of an obligate mutualism with fungi from the genus Termitomyces, which are acquired through either vertical transmission via reproductive alates or horizontally transmitted during the formation of new mounds. Termitomyces taxonomy, and thus estimating diversity and host specificity of these fungi, is challenging because fruiting bodies are rarely found. Molecular techniques can be applied but need not necessarily yield the same outcom...
ABSTRACT The study was carried out to assess the influence of Colletotrichum dematium one of the major causes of pepper diseases on the declining yield of pepper in the Ajumako Enyan Essiam district of the Central Region and to find the extent of transmission through different inoculation methods. Three fruit types (riped, unriped and dropped) were collected from six farms across four locations (Akuamase, Nkodwo, Esikado and Mando) and another sample which was made up of only riped fruits was...
ABSTRACT Millet, a widely consumed food crop, is subject to fungal contamination during storage. These fungi produce mycotoxins in stored food products. Mycotoxins such as citrinin and ochratoxin produced by Penicillium species have been reported to be injurious to consumers. Knowledge of the fungi involved in the production of these mycotoxins will help in the control of its spread in food products. However, there is dearth of information on the mycotoxins produced by Penicillium on millet ...
ABSTRACT Polyamide-6 (also known as nylon-6) is one of the biodegradation-resistant synthetic polymers used in the manufacturing of commodity plastic materials. The environmental effects of the persistence of this material in landfill and on surface water bodies pose global problems that endanger public health. Knowledge of the microbial distribution and pattern of their interaction with these plastics will provide the biological resources and scientific basis for the development of sustaina...
Abstract: It is not well understood how termites survive in hemiedaphic habitats with diverse array of potentially infective fungi. In the present study, it was initially found that Macrotermes michaelseni detected a virulent isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae from some distance in a specially designed Y-olfactometer and avoided direct physical contact through olfaction. The overall objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between virulence and repellency of different isolates ...