A COMPARATIVE IDEOLOGY OF PEOPLES DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND ALL PROGRESSIVES CONGRESS

24 PAGES (30516 WORDS) Political Science Seminar

Typically, political parties aid the political discourse in civilized societies and help foster national unity. It does this through fielding popular candidates for elective positions, especially candidates with the ideology that binds the political party not minding the ethnic and religious affiliation of the candidates. Despite the differences in ideas of various political parties in a country, the single unifying factor is that they all strive for the entrenchment of democratic ideals and processes in the country. The paper examines how the apparent lack of political ideas amongst the plethora of political parties has become a cog in the wheel of national unity. The paper adopted exploratory research design, qualitative method of data collection and qualitative descriptive style of analysis. Anchoring our discourse on the post-colonial state theory, findings revealed that Nigeria’s political climate is ridden with several challenges which include, but are not limited to lack of good governance, high rate of insecurity, lack of internal party democracy, party cross carpeting, inter and intra-party crisis, political violence, lack of political ideology. Also, major political parties lack values or ideas which drive them; they resort to the mundane politics of individualism, corruption and disarticulation of the country along ethnic and religious lines, thereby posing a threat to national unity and integration. The paper recommends that until Nigerians can solve this fundamental problem of national unity through the formation and support of political parties that would have wide acceptance, national leadership and followers, we may remain in this circus of party regionalism and sectionalism.


REFERENCES
Adekanye, J.B. (1990). Elections and Electoral Practices in Nigeria: Dynamics and 
Implications, The Constitution: Journal of Constitutional Development, Vol.5 No.2.
Adele,J. L. (2011)   Inter-Party Dialogue in Nigeria: Examining The Past, Present  And   
Future. Paper Presented at the Inaugural DGD Political Parties Dialogue Series, held on October 4, 2011 at Bolingo Hotel, Abuja
Apparodai, A, (1978). The Substance of Politics., London: OUP.
Apter, D. E. (1965). The Politics of Modernization. University of Chicago Press Chicago.
Chidi, N. J. (2015). Politics of merger of political parties in Nigeria: The past and present efforts to evolve two major parties. Journal of Policy and Development Studies, 9(2), 52-72.
Dosumun,A. (2015) Political parties and party system in Nigeria. Conference                                  Organised by Dosunmu Mandate, Lagos.
Dudley,B.J.(1973) Instability and Political Order: Politics and Crisis in Nigeria.  Ibadan 
University Press.
Eme, O.I and Anyadike, N (2011) Intra and Inter-Party Crises In Nigeria ’s Fourth 
Republic: Implications for the Sustainability and Consolidation of Democracy In Post Third Term Nigeria. Journal of Social Science and Public Policy, Vol. 3.
Heffernan, R. (2001) New Labour and Thatcherism: Political Change in Britain, Basingstoke: Palgrave.P. 113.   
Jinadu, A.L. (1995), “Electoral Administration in Africa: A Nigerian Case Study  Under the 
Transition to Civil Rule Process. In S. Adejumobi, & A.  Momoh, (Eds.), The Political Economy of Nigeria Under Military Rule,  1984 – 1993. Harare: SAPES Books
Kurfi, J. (2005). Nigerian General Elections, 1951-2003: My Roles and Reminiscences. 
Abuja: Spectrum Books
Ibrahim, B. & Aeysinghe, C. (2017). Re-Positioning Nigeria towards Sustainable National 
Unity. Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 12(4/1): 41-50.
Ihonvbere, J. (1989) Underdevelopment and Crisis in Africa. Lagos: JAD Publishers Ltd
INEC (2005) Political Party Finance Handbook
Iyare, T. (2004). An Overview of Political Parties in Nigeria. In A. S. Odion (Ed.), 
Governance: Nigeria and the World. Lagos: Center  for Constitutionalism and Demilitarization (CENCOD), pp. 79 – 98
Lewis, P.M. (1994). Endgame in Nigeria? The Politics of a Failed Transition  programme. 
African Affairs, Vol. 93.
Lupu, N. (2015). Party Polarization and Mass Partisanship: A Comparative Perspective. 
Political Behaviour, 37:331–356
Macridis, R.C. (1980) Contemporary political ideologies, Cambridge: Winthrop publishers, p. 7.   
Mersel Y. (2006) The dissolution of Political Parties: The problem of Internal Democracy. 
Retrieved on 8 November, 2010 from www.icon.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/1/84.abst ract
Mimpen J. (n.d) Intra-party Democracy and its Discontents: Democratisation in a volatile 
political landscape. Retrieved on 22 October, 2010 from
Mommoh,T. (2005). Election and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria. Lagos: NPSA.
Momoh, A. (2010). Democracy and Elections: Myths, Illusions and Realities, Being 3rd 
Annual Law and Social Development Lecture Delivered at Airport Hotel Ikeja, October 25, 2010.
Ngou,T. (1989) Understanding the Past, Present and the Future of Nigeria’s Political  
Parties. Heinemann, Ibadan.
Nwolise, O.B.C. (2013). Thoughts on Internal Democracy in Nigerian Political Parties: 
Challenges and Strategies. A Historic Public Lecture Delivered at the University of Ibadan as part of the Golden Jubilee Anniversary of the Political Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Ojukwu C. & Olaifa, T. (2011). Challenges of Internal Democracy in Nigeria’s Political 
Parties: The Bane of Intra-Party Conflicts in The Peoples Democratic Party of Nigeria. Global Journal of Human Social Science.
Olaniyi, J.O. (2001), Introduction to Contemporary Political Analysis, 2nd  Impression, 
Lagos: Fapsony Nig Ltd.
Olaleye, W. (2003). Political Parties and Multi-party Elections in Southern Africa. SADC 
Insight IV. 
Olanrewaju, J.S. (2015). Political parties and poverty of ideology in Nigeria. Afro-Asian 
Journal of Social Sciences
Omilusi, M. (2016). An Assessment Of Political Parties And Democratic consolidation in 
Nigeria’s fourth republic. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences.
Omilusi, M. & Ajibola, O. P. (2016). Party politics and democratic governance in Nigeria: 
Historical perspective. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Research.
Omotola, S. (2008). Explaining Electoral Violence in Africa’s “New” Democracies. African 
Journal of Conflict Resolution, 10(3):51–73.
Omotola, J. S. (2009). Nigerian Parties and Political Ideology. Journal of alternative 
Perspectives in the Social Sciences, Vol, 3.
Omoiya, I. (2010). The History of Political Parties in Nigeria. Safari Books Limited
Onifade, C. A. & Imhonopi, D. (2013). Towards National Integration in Nigeria: Jumping the 
Hurdles. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(9):75-82.
Osaghae, E. E. (1998). Crippled Giant: Nigeria Since Independence. London: Hurst & Coy.
Osumah, O., & Ikelegbe, A. (2009). The peoples democratic party and governance in Nigeria, 1999-2007. Journal of Social Science, 19(3), 185-199.  
Pennings, P. & Hazan, R. Y. (2001). Democratizing Candidate Selection. Party Politics 
7:267-75
Post, K.W.J. & Vickers, M. (1973), Structure and Conflicts in Nigeria, 1960- 65. London 
Heinemann.
Randall, & Svasand, (1999). Party Institutionalization and the New Democracies. Paper for 
the ECPR Joint Session of Workshops, Mannheim, 23-31, March.
Scarrow, S. (2205) Political Parties and Democracy in Theoretical and Practical 
Perspectives: Implementing Intra-party Democracy. Washington: NDI
Stanley, I. (2015). Lack of  Political ideology in Nigeria: bane of Nigerian  Politics. Lagos: 
The Vanguard.
Soyinka, W. (2014). APC and Political Prostitution. Lagos: The Guardian.
Teorell, J. (1999). A Deliberative Defence of Intraparty Democracy. Party Politics, 5:363-82
Ubani, C. C. (2014). Political Parties and National Integration: An Assessment of the 
Nigerian State since Independence. Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs (CUJPIA), 2(2):1-19.
Ujo, A. A. (2000). Unfortunately Political Parties in Nigeria. Kaduna: KLAMIDSAS Books.  
Yaqub, N. (2002). Political Parties and the Transition Process”, in Onuoha, B.  and