A Critical Examination Of The Administration Of Justice In The

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................................. ii

DECLARATION ......................................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................................... v

LIST OF STATUTES .............................................................................................................................. viii

LIST OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS AND CONVENTIONS ......... ix

Lisr OF cAsEs ......................................................................................................................................... x

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LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. xi

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ xii

CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the problem ................................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Purpose of the study ............................................................................................................................ 4

1.4 Objectives of the study ....................................................................................................................... .4

1.4.1 General objective ............................................................................................................................. .4

1.4.2 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................................... .4

1.5 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................. 5

1. 6 Scope of the study ............................................................................................................................... 5

1.6.1 Conceptual Scope .......................................... : .............. : ..... ~ ....... -:-....... : .. : .. :· .. : ..................... : ............ :.5

1.6.2 Periodic scope ..................................................................................................................................... 5

1.7 Significance of the study ..................................................................................................................... 5

1.8 Research methodologjy ........................................................................................................................ 5

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1.9Limitation of the stud}i' .......................................................................................................................... 5

1.0 Literature Review _ .......................................................................................................................... 6

1.10.1 Scholars Views oo ~stake referrals ................................................................................................ 6

1.10.2 Scholars' views oo :Security Council referrals ............................................................................. 7

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1.10.3 Schalars Views on Prosecutor's referrals ................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER lWO ....................................................................................................................................... 11

DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONA CRIMINAL COURT ................................................. ll

2.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 11

2.1 The principle of Universality ............................................................................................................. 11

2.2 Objectives of International Criminal Law ........................................................................................ 12

2.3 History of International Criminal Prosecutions .............................................................................. 13

2.3.1 Situation Prior the first World War ............................................................................................... 13

2.3.2 Aftermath of Second World War ................................................................................................... 15

2.4 International Criminal Conventions dealing with criminal justice ............................................... 19

2.4.1 Hague conyentions (1899 & 1907) .............................................................................................. 19

2.4':2 Geneva Cqnventions ....................................................................................................................... 20

2.4.3·United Nations Convention against Torture ................................................................................ 21

2.4.4 The Genocide Convention .............................................................................................................. 21

2.4.5 The Rome Statute of the international criminal court ............................................................... 22

2.5 The procedures of International Criminal Investigations and Prosecutions .............................. 23

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CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 27

THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ...... 27

3.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 27

3.1 Crimes withir the court's jurisdiction .............................................................................................. 28

3.2 The International Criminal Court and situations around the world ............................................ 29

3.2.1 The situati,on of Libya .................................................................................................................... 29

3.2.2 Referral by the Uganda Government ........................................................................................... 31

3.3.3 Tne situation of Cote d'ivoire .... : .. :.: ............ : ........ : ........................................................................ 34

3.3.4 The Democratic Republic of Congo and the Lubanga Trial ...................................................... 38

CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................................................................... .47

CHALLENGES J,=ACED BY THE INTERNAL CRIMINAL COURT IN THE

ADMINISTRAtiON OF JUSTICE ...................................................................................................... .47

4.1 Introduction: ....................................................................................................................................... .47

4.2 Amnesty and National Reconciliation Process ............................................................................... .47

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4.2.1 The international criminal court is biased .................................................................................. .49

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4.2.2 Problems in securing the Arrest and transfer of wanted suspects .......................................... 50

4.2.3 Difficulties of investigation in conflict zones ................................................................ ., ............. 51

4.2.4 Lack of Universal· Ratification of the Rome Statute .................................................................. .52

CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................. , ..................................................... 53

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................ , ........................................ 53

5.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 53

5.1 Conclusion .. , ........................................................................................................................................ 53

5.2 Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 54

BIBLIOGRAPHY .................. , .................................................................................................................. 56

BOOKS ...................................................................................................................................................... .56

JOURNALS ...... ,., ...................................................................................................................................... 57

R,lPORTS ................................................. , ................................................................................................ 58