AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................. ii

DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ iv

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... v

LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... vi

LEGISLATIONS AND STATUTES ....................................................................................... viii

LIST OF CASES .......................................................................................................................... ix

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................ x

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................ !

GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... !

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Background to the Study ........................................................................................................ 5

1.3 Statement ofthe Problem ....................................................................................................... 7

1.4 General Objective .................................................................................................................. 9

1.4.1 Specific Objectives ............................................................................................................. 9

1.5 Research Questions ................................................................................................................ 9

1.6 Hypothesis of the Study ......................................................................................................... 9

1.7 Significance of the Study ....................................................................................................... 9

1.81vlethodology ........................................................................................................................ IO

1.9 The Scope of the Study ........................................................................................................ ! 0

1.10 Literature Review ............................................................................................................... ! 0

CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................... 14

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF CORRUPTION IN UGANDA VIZ-A-VIZ: THE

EXISTENCE OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ITS COMBAT .......................................... 14

2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 14

2.2 Consequences of Corruption ................................................................................................ 18

2.2.1 Poverty .............................................................................................................................. 18

2.2.2 Political Instability ............................................................................................................ 18

2.2.3 Effect on Environment and Wildlife ................................................................................. l9

2.2.4 Discriminatory Distribution of Services ........................................................................... 19

2.2.5 Hinders Foreign lnvestment .............................................................................................. l9

2.2.6 Inhibit Control of Diseases ............................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... 21

THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................... 21

3.1 Legal Framework to Combat Corruption in Uganda ........................................................... 21

3.2 Domestic Legislation ........................................................................................................... 21

3.2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995 ........................................................... 21

3 .2.2 The Anti Corruption Act 2009 .......................................................................................... 22

3.2.3 The Penal Code Act Cap. I 06 ........................................................................................... 26

3.2.4 The Leadership Code Act 2002 ........................................................................................ 29

3.2.5 The Whistleblowers Protection Act 2010 ......................................................................... 32

3.3 International Conventions on Corruption ............................................................................ 33

3.3.1 The United Nations Convention against Corruption 2003 ............................................... 33

3.3.2 The African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption 2003 ............ 36

3.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 38

CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 39

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................... 39

4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 39

4.2 The Inspectorate of Government. ........................................................................ : ................ 39

4.3 Directorate of Ethics and Integrity ...................................................................................... .40

4.5 The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) 342 ...................................................................... .47

4.6 Criminal Investigations Department (CID) ........................................................................ .49

4.6.1 Corruption (Public Sector Fraud) ...................................................................................... 52

4.6.2 Summary of Public Sector Corruption Cases Investigated During the Year 2010 ........... 53

4.6.3. Estimated Recoveries from Public Sector Corruption Cases ........................................... 54

4.7 Economic Crimes (Private Sector Fraud and Corruption) ................................................... 54

4.7.1 The major recoveries made in this category of crime in the year 2010 are indicated below: ........................................................ 55

4.7.2 The major Challenges Experienced Included the Following ............................................ 56

4.8 Directorate of Public Prosecutions (DPP) ............................................................................ 58

CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................................... 59

CONCLUSIONS, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................... 59

5. I Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 59

5.2 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 59

5.3 Further Recommendations ................................................................................................... 60

5.3.1 Improving the Effectiveness of the IGG ........................................................................... 60

5.3.3 Technical Facilitation of the IGG ..................................................................................... 60

5.3.4 Immediate Publicizing of Declarations by IGG with the Inspectorate ............................. 61

5.3.5 Sensitization of the Public on Existing Laws ................................................................... 6 I

5.3.6 Follow-up on Implementation of Legislation by Government ......................................... 61

5.3.7 Creation of a Think Tank .................................................................................................. 62

5.3.8 Uplifting and Supporting of the Institutional Framework ................................................ 62

5.3.9 Independence of the Anticorruption Agencies .................................................................. 62

BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................ 63 

ABSTRACT 

This study "An Analysis of The Legal and Institutional Framework in The Fight Against Corruption: The case law was carried out in Uganda, with specific aims to; find out the cause of corruption in the existing institutional framework in U gancla; examine impact of corruption on the performance of institutions in Uganda; identify the loopholes and excesses of the performance of the anticorruption agencies and to suggest ways to counter these loopholes and excesses. To comprehend this, the study reviewed literature from various scholars on the specific aims as well as different laws from different countries that govern anti-corruption within the public as well as the private sector. This was done through use of a qualitative design in which the researcher relied on book review and interviewing a few members from the office of the IGG, Anti Corruption Court, Directorate of Ethics and Integrity, Parliament, Auditor GeneraL The study findings indicate that, the cause of corruption despite the existing institutional framework includes; greed, nepotism, sectarianism and above all autocratic tendencies. The challenges of corruption are noted to include poor coordination and facilitation, incompetent and corrupt staff, lack of independence of the anti-corruption agencies, lack of political will and zeal of the public and poor enforcement The impact of corruption was established to be reduced foreign investment, discriminatory distribution of services, political instability and poverty to which the suggested recommendations can counter these excesses. It is concluded that, the anti-corruption agencies if not left to be free of the political will of those in power, anticorruption measures will be countered by favoritism.