An Assessment on the Effect of Civilian JTF in Suppressing Counter Terrorism in Maiduguri, Borno State

ABSRACT

This study examined the activities of the CJTF in suppressing counter terrorism in Maiduguri (MMC), Borno State, Nigeria. The different security challenges across the nations, most especially in the African Continents have necessitated for emergence and creation of different vigilante groups (Civilian JTF ) outfits form different parts of the Civilian JTF aimed at suppressing counter terrorism security threats. In MMC, the civilian JTF emerged to restore peace, law and order which has eluded the state by the unfortunate activities of Boko Haram sect since 2009. The main objective of the study is to assess the effect civilian JTF in suppressing terrorism in Maiduguri. Specific objectives are to identify the factors that led to the emergence of the civilian JTF to curb the security threat posed by terrorism in Borno state, examine the efforts of the civilian JTF in suppressing the terrorism to restore law, peace and order in Maiduguri and Identify the challenges hindering the civilian JTF from suppressing the terrorism in Maiduguri. The study utilized social conflict as theoretical frame work for analysis. The social conflict theory explain how conflict in any society is demonstrated as bi-product of conflict of interest between interest group and the government and it counter terrorism approach in this respect as a representation of the interest of a particular interest group within a society. The study utilized the residence of MMC as its study population, 160 questionnaires were distributed to the sampled respondents obtained purposively but only 153 were returned and use for the study. The sources of data used were primary and secondary while descriptive statistics ( table, frequencies, percentage and Analysis of variance ) were used in presenting and analysing the data. The major findings revealed that lack of political will, lack of trust, equipment, motivation in the civilian JTF and lack of cordial relationship between the community and the civilian JTF have brought about set back in ending the counter terrorism. Nevertheless, the study revealed that the CJTF are not well equipped and motivated and that the negative views of the community on CJTF have hindered the CJTF from suppressing counter terrorist in the study area. Hence, the study recommends that government should as a matter of policy, initiate a law that forbids all forms of political violence and thuggery, and through various intelligence and economic measures delink any sect or group from metamorphosing into terrorism, community policing and volunteer forces should be encouraged by government. The study concludes that  comprehensive counter terrorist measures taken by the CJTF to suppress counter terrorism.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Contents Pages

Title Page ..............i

Certification page ..............ii

Dedication ..............iii

Acknowledgement ..............iv

Abstract ..............vi

Table of content..............vii

List of tables ..............x

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study..........1

1.2Statement of problem..........3

1.3Objective of the study..........4

1.4Research Questions..........5

1.5 Hypothesis..........5

1.6 Significance of the study ..........5

1.7 Scope of the Study..........6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1.Conceptual  Issues............7

2.1.1.Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF)........7

2.1.2.Terrorism...............7

2.2.Factors that led to the Emergence of (CJTF).....7

2.2.1.Boko Haram a threat to National Security....11

 2.2.2.Destruction of Boko Haram Counter Terrorism....12

2.2.3.Emergence of Civilian JTF..........14

2.3. Effects of CJTF in Suppressing Terrorism......16

2.3.1. Strategies used in counter-terrorism in theory and practice19

2.3.2.Location ................19

2.3.3. Isolation ................21

2.3.4. Eradication................22

2.4. Challenges undermining the operation of CJTF....23

2.4.1.Capacity Challenges............25

2.4.2. Handling Infractions............26

2.4.3.The Future Challenges............26

2.4.4.The Civilian JTF Challenges Faced By 

Human Rights Violations..........26

2.5.Theoretical Framework..........27

2.5.1.Conflict Theory ..........27

2.5.2.Structural Functionalist Theory........29

2.5.3.Criticism of Structural Functionalism......30

2.5.4.Justification ..............30

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1The Study Area...............32

3.2 Sources of Data............33

3.3Population of The Study..........33

3.4Sample Size and Sampling Technique......33

3.5Method of Data Collection..........34

3.6Method of Data Analysis..........34

CHAPTER FOUR : DATA PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1 Data Presentation............36

4.3 Discussion of Major Findings..........54

4.3.1Findings..............56

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary..............58

5.2 Conclusion..............59

5.3 Recommendations..............60

 References ................61

Questionnaire ................64

Appendix ................67

 

LIST OF TABLES

Tables Pages

4.1.1 Gender of the Respondents ............36

4.1.1 Age Range of the Respondents ............37

4.1.3 Academic Qualifications of the Respondents......38

4.1.4 Marital Status of the Respondents ..........39

4.1.3 Occupation of respondents ........39

4.1.6 Language of the respondents ..........40

4.1.7 Religion of respondents ..........41

4.2.1 CJTF Was Emerged To Tackle ..........42

4.2.2 CJTF was emerged by government as a result of public outcry?42

4.2.3 CJTF was established because of the inability of the military 

and police to suppress counter terrorism in Maiduguri?....43

4.2.4 CJTF was Form to serve other interest than suppressing 

counter- terrorism?.................43

4.2.5 Strategies used by the CJTF in suppressing terrorist in Maiduguri44

4.2.6 Do these strategies above succeed in ending counter terrorism 

Within Maiduguri? ..............44

4.2.7 Strategies adopted by the CJTF have adverse effect 

on the innocent population or infringe on their rights?....45

4.2.8 The strategies of the CJTF has aided the military in 

Countering terrorism in Maiduguri?........45

4.2.9 Level of co-operation the community is giving the CJTF in

   Actualization the counter-terrorism measures within Maiduguri..46

4.2.10 Relationship between the CJTF and the general public....46

4.2.11  Was the emergence of the CJTF part of the response on the

 Part of the community to suppress terrorist......47

4.2.12 would you suggest a situation where the CJTF Should be 

fully co-opted into the military in suppressing 

counter-terrorism................47

4.2.13 Is there a comprehensive and clear counter Terrorist measure 

Taken to suppress counter-terrorism?........48

4.2.14 Are the members of the CJTF well motivated and equipped

To carry out their task?............48

4.2.15 Negative view of the community on CJTF hindered the 

CJTF from suppressing terrorist activities within Maiduguri?..49

4.2.16 Do you agree that interest and lack of trust between securities 

Agencies contributed to the problems of suppressing 

counter-Terrorism within Maiduguri?........49

4.3.1 Civilian JTF has no significant effect on suppressing 

terrorism in Maiduguri..............50

4.3.2 the strategies of CJTF has not aided the military in countering

 terrorism in Maiduguri..............52