TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Declaration . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . I
Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Dedication............................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . .. iii
Aclmowledgements................................................................... ... IV
Table of Contents....................................................................... v
List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
List of figures . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . ... . .. . . . ... . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . ..... . . . ... . . . . . . ... . . . .... IX
Abbreviations and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Definition of terms...................................................................... XI
Abstract .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . xn
CHAPTER ONE : Introduction
1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Background to the Study .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1
1.2 Statement of the problem.............................................................. 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study .... .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .. ...... .. ...... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. 4
1.4 Significance of the study .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ...... 5
1.5 Research Questions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . 5
1.6 Scope of the study .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... ... 6
1.7 Limitations of the study................................................................ 6
1.8 Conceptual framework.................................................................. 7
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.0 Introduction .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8
2.1 Dropping out of school and economic status......................................... 9
V
2.2 Dropping out of school and gender biasness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 Dropping out of school and punishment of learners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 Education officers on dropping out of school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CHAPTER THREE : Methodology
3.0 Introduction.............................................................................. 13
3 .1 Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3 .2 Area and population of Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3 .3 Sampling procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 .4 Instrument of data collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.5 Validity and Reliability.................................................................. 16
3.6 Data Collection Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
CHAPTER FOUR: Data presentation , Analysis and Interpretation
4.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1 Data presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1.1 Total number of drop-outs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1.2 Disparities between male and female drop-outs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1.3 Performance and dropping out of school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 19
4.14 Fmancmg . . d . e ucat10n ................................................................... . 20
4.1.5 Causes of dropping of out of school amongst boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... .. 21
4.1.6 Economic activities in Nguu Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.1.7 Public's view on Drop-outs ............................................................ 23
4.1.8 Measures to curb dropping out of school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24
4.2 Reasons why learners drop out of school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 25
4.2.1 Boys versus girls and dropping out of school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2.2 Stakeholders' view on dropping out of school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 25
4.2.3 Measurers to counteract dropping out of school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
VI
CHAPTER FIVE : Summary , Conclusion , Recommendations and areas
for further research
5.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... 26
5.1 Summary .................. ...... ........................................................ 26
5.2 Conclusion .. . ... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . ... . . .. . . . .. . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . ... . . . ......... .... 27
5.3 Recommendations...................................................................... 28
5.4 Areas for further research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
APPENDICES
Appendix I: Transmittal Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendix 2: Parent's Questionnaire.. ............... .......... ..................... 32
Appendix 3: Questionnaire for school drop outs...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
Appendix 4: Students/ pupils Questionnaire .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . ..... .. . . ......... .. 36
Appendix 5: Head teachers' Questionnaire.... .................................... 37
Appendix 6: Class Teachers' Questionnaire.. . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . . 39
Appendix 7: Parents' Interview Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Appendix 8: Leaders' Interview Schedule......................................... 43
Appendix 9: Other Leaders interview Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 45
Study Map I : Map of Kenya showing Kibwezi District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Study Map 2 : Map ofKibwezi showing Nguu Division . . . .. . . .. . . . ... . . . ...... 47
ABSTRACT Many young people have been leaving school before they reach "Class eight or Form four". This dissertation his about investigating the causes of high drop-out rates in both primary and secondary schools in Nguu Division ofK.ibwezi District. This study considered upper classes in primary schools while all classes in secondary school were looked at. Questionnaires and Interviews schedules were used for the learners , parents, teachers , leaders and on the drop-outs . The above groups gave out their own view of the problem. The respondents were chosen randomly from the division from selected learning institutions for the learners and the rest across the division. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative data. It was therefore a descriptive survey. The researcher has found out that pregnancy among young girls which is triggered off by poverty is the main reason for their dropping out school. Cultural practices are also to blame for continued increase of drop-outs among other factors. It is in view of this that the researcher recommended for the abolition of child labour , the establishment of guidance and a couselling section in each school. The researcher also recommend that parents be deeply involved in the affairs of children while in school. That is, they should always keep track on what the teachers and learners are doing while at school.
MUTHOKA, A (2022). Causes of High Drop -Out Rates in Primary and Secondary Schools: A Case of Nguu Division - Kibwezi District. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/causes-of-high-drop-out-rates-in-primary-and-secondary-schools-a-case-of-nguu-division-kibwezi-district
MUTHOKA, ANTHONY "Causes of High Drop -Out Rates in Primary and Secondary Schools: A Case of Nguu Division - Kibwezi District" Afribary. Afribary, 08 Aug. 2022, https://afribary.com/works/causes-of-high-drop-out-rates-in-primary-and-secondary-schools-a-case-of-nguu-division-kibwezi-district. Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.
MUTHOKA, ANTHONY . "Causes of High Drop -Out Rates in Primary and Secondary Schools: A Case of Nguu Division - Kibwezi District". Afribary, Afribary, 08 Aug. 2022. Web. 23 Nov. 2024. < https://afribary.com/works/causes-of-high-drop-out-rates-in-primary-and-secondary-schools-a-case-of-nguu-division-kibwezi-district >.
MUTHOKA, ANTHONY . "Causes of High Drop -Out Rates in Primary and Secondary Schools: A Case of Nguu Division - Kibwezi District" Afribary (2022). Accessed November 23, 2024. https://afribary.com/works/causes-of-high-drop-out-rates-in-primary-and-secondary-schools-a-case-of-nguu-division-kibwezi-district