Child Labour in Agricultural Sector. Case Study Kyamuhunga Tea Estate In Uganda

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION .............................................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................. i\

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ v

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................ I

1.0 INTRODUCTION/ BACKGROUND ...................................................................................... I

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ........................................................................................ 3

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................... 4

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. ............................................................................................. 4

1.3.1 GENERALOBJECTIVE ....................................................................................................... 4

1.3.2 Specific objectives .................................................................................................................. 4

1.4 SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH .................................................................................................. 5

1.5 Significance of the study ........................................................................................................... 5

1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................. 5

1. 7 Ethical considerations ................................................................................................................ 5

1.8 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................... 6

1.9 Mini- Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................... IS

LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ON CHILD LABOUR. ............. 15

2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 15

2.1 NATIONAL LAW REGULATING CHILD LABOUR ......................................................... 15

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2.1.1 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA 1995 .................................. 15

2.1.2THE CHILDREN'S ACT CAP 59 ........................................................................................ 16

2.1.3 THE EMPLOYMENT ACT OF 2006 ................................................................................. 17

2.1.4 EMPLOYMENT REGULATIONS OF 2011 ...................................................................... 18

2.2 THE NON-LEGAL MEASURES/POLICIES OF COMBATING CHILD LABOUR .......... 19

2.2.1 THE NATIONAL CHILD LABOUR POLICY .................................................................. 19

2.2.2 THE FEDERATION OF UGANDAN EMPLOYERS ........................................................ 19

2.2.3 I.LO/I.P.E.C PROGRAMME IN UGANDA ....................................................................... 20

2.2.4 AMALGAMATED TRANSPORT AND GENERAL WORKERS UNION ...................... 20

2.2.5 UGANDA ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN LAWYERS (F.I.D.A) ...................................... 20

2.2.6 THE GOVERNMENTS EFFORTS ..................................................................................... 21

2.3 INTERNATIONAL LAW REGULATING CHILD LABOUR ............................................. 21

2.3.1 AFRICAN CHARTER ON THE RIGHTS AND WELFARE OF THE CHILD ................ 22

2.3.2 UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD 1989 ............. 23

2.3.3 MINIMUM AGE CONVENTION NO 138 OF 1973 .......................................................... 23

2.3.4 WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR CONVENTION N0.182 .................................... 24

2.3.5THE FORCED LABOUR CONVENTION, NO 29of 1930 ................................................. 24

2.3.6 INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL

RIGHTS ......................................................................................................................................... 24

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 26

CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF CHILD LABOUR IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR

....................................................................................................................................................... 26

3.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 26

3.2 CHILD WORK .................................................................................................................. 27

3.3 CRITIQUE OF CHILD LABOUR LAWS IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE ................ 29

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3.3.1 THE CHILDREN ACT CAP 59 ................................................................................ ......... 29

3.3.2 THE EMPLOYMENT ACT ................................................................................................ 30

3.3.3 TRADE UNION DECREE NO 2 OF 1976 ......................................................................... 31

3.3.4 WORKERS COMPENSATION ACT 2000 ........................................................................ 3:2

3.3.5 LABOUR DISPUTES (ARBITRATION AND SETTLEMENT) ACT CAP 200 .............. 33

3.4 CRITIQUE OF NON-LEGAL MEASURES .......................................................................... 34

3.4.1 UNIVERSALPRIMARYEDUCATION ............................................................................ 34

3.4.2 POVERTY ERADICATION ............................................................................................... 35

CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 36

DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS ............................................................................ 36

4.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 36

4.1 STUDY FINDINGS ................................................................................................................ 36

4.2 NATURE OF WORK CHILDREN DO ................................................................................. 37

4.3 WORKING CONDITIONS OF CHILD LABOURERS ........................................................ 38

4.3.1 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONDITIONS ........................................................................... 38

4.3.2 REMUNERATION .............................................................................................................. 39

4.3.3 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS ......................................................................................... -+ 1

4.3.4 DURATION OF WORK ACTIVITIES ............................................................................... -+1

CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................................... 43

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... -+3

5.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 43

5.2 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... -+3

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................ 44