Community-Based Development Policies of Umuganda and Peace-Building in Post-Genocide Rwanda

ABSTRACT 

This study focused on “Community —based development policies of umuganda and peace-building in post-genocide Rwanda”. The study was guided by the general objective which was to explore the relationship between community based development policies and peace building in post genocide Rwanda with the following specific objectives (i) To determine underlying explanatory factors of peace-building in the post genocide Rwanda (ii)To identify the extent to which community based development policies influence peace-building vis-à-vis other factors in the post-genocide Rwanda and (iii) To establish how community based policies can lead to sustainable peace in Rwandan society. The hypothesis was whether Socio-economic recovery, safety and security environment, community based policies, Reconciliation and Justice are the underlying factors of peace-building in the post- genocide Rwanda or whether Community- based development policies are more likely to influence peace- building vis à-vis other factors in the post -genocide Rwanda. The study was based on the combination of two approaches, namely, quantitative approach and qualitative approach. The researcher administered questionnaires and conducted interviews, discussions and debate with target groups recruited from other resource- persons in the randomly selected district among 30 in Rwanda: The data were collected from the sample size of 200 respondents, the number arrived at using Solvin’s formula. Frequencies and percentage distributions have been used for analysis using SPSS. The majority of the respondents were aged between 25 and 45(63.5%) and displayed maturity response. A large majority of respondents (85%) are regular attendants of umuganda activities and 9O% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that Umuganda activities contribute socially, economically, politically and enhance peaceful interaction among community members. This shows that Umuganda is a good tool to lead the Rwandan society towards peace-building.

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION A i

DECLARATION B ii

APPROVAL SHEET

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v

TABLE OF CONTENT vi

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

ABSTRACT xi

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the study 1

Statement of the Problem 4

Purpose of the Study 5

Research Objectives 5

General objective 5

Specific objectives 5

Research Questions 6

Hypothesis 6

Scope of the study 7

Significance of the Study 7

Operational Definitions of Key Terms 9

CHAPTER TWO 11

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 11

Community-Based Development policies 11

Theoretical framework 14

Conceptual framework 16

Socio-economic recovery 17

Safety and security 17

Reconciliation and Justice 17

Community based development policies 18

CHAPTER THREE 23

METHODOLOGY 23

Research Design 23

Research Population 23

Sample Size 23

Sample Techniques 24

Sampling Procedure 25

Methods for data collection 26

Research Instruments 26

Validity and Reliability of the Instrument 28

Data Analysis 28

Ethical Considerations 28

Limitations of the study 29

CHAPTER FOUR 31

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF DATA 31

Identification of Respondents 31

Identification of respondents by age 31

Classification of respondents by sex 32

Classification of respondents by education level 32

Classification of Respondents by Marital status Occupation 34

Other Information on Respondents Related to the Research 35

Respondents length of residence in the Community 36

The Number of Respondents who regularly Participated 37

The kind Of Activities done in Umuganda 38

Opinions of Respondents On Community Based Development Policies 38

Socio-Economic Recovery 38

Safety and Security 40

Reconciliation and Justice 41

Community Based Development Poildes 41

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDIGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAflONS 44

Summary of findings 44

Condustons 45

Recommendations 46

Further Research 47

REFERENCES 48

APPENDICES 53

APPENDIX I: : 53

APPENDIX II 54

PERMISSION TO CARRY OUT RESEARCH 54

APPENDIX In: 55

INFORMED CONSENT 55

APPENDIX IV 56

Questionnaires for Local Community Members in Selected Disbict 56

APPENDIXV i 63

INTERVIEW GUIDE 63

APPENDIX VI: 66

APPENDIX VII 67

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE 67