COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ANTISOLVENTS OF TOLUENE DMF AND DMSO ON THE STABILITY OF PEROVSKITES SOLAR CELLS

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This research work delves into a comparative analysis of Perovskite solar cells crafted using

different antisolvents, namely DMF, DMSO/DMF, and TOL/DMF. The investigation focused

on assessing their structural and optical properties, as well as their solar cell efficiency and

stability. Notably, the perovskite layer formed with DMF displayed numerous pinholes, while

the use of TOL/DMF as a mixed solvent yielded a pinhole-free layer. Spectral analysis

revealed heightened light absorption in the perovskite layer produced using TOL/DMF

antisolvent, surpassing those created with DMF and DMSO/DMF antisolvents. Remarkably,

the TOL/DMF mixture led to a higher efficiency of the solar cell compared to DMF and

DMSO/DMF anti-solvents. This enhanced efficiency was attributed to the superior

crystallinity, compactness, and reduced band gap energy of perovskite films generated with

TOL/DMF antisolvent. Additionally, the TOL/DMF-fabricated perovskite film exhibited

outstanding stability, enduring for 600 hours before degradation, a marked improvement over

the DMF and DMSO/DMF variants that maintained stability for only 550 and 420 hours,

respectively. These findings underline the critical influence of antisolvent choice in

optimising the fabrication, efficiency, and stability of Perovskites solar cells.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATION.................................................................................................................................... 2

DEDICATION........................................................................................................................... 3

ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................................................ 3

ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................4

Contents..................................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER ONE...................

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

CHAPTER TWO..............................13

LITERATURE REVIEWS.............................................................................................................. 13

Structure and Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells

The Election Transport Layer (ETL):.

The Hole Transport Layer (HTL)

The Anode and Cathode

Different Types of Perovskite Solar Cells

Regular N-I-P Structure

Inverted P-I-N Structures

PROPERTIES

Fabrication Methods for Perovskite Solar Cells

Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

FUNDAMENTALS OF ANTI-SOLVENTS TREATMENT

ANTISOLVENT IN PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS

ANTISOLVENT TECHNIQUE AND MECHANISMS

Advantages of Antisolvent Technique:

CHALLENGES OF ANTI-SOLVENTS MECHANISM

CHAPTER THREE.......................27

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

EQUIPMENTS

APPARATUS

CHEMICALS USED

MATERIALS AND PREPARATION

TITANIUM PRECURSOR SOLUTION PREPARATION...

SYNTHESIS OF LEAD IODIDE

PEROVSKITES PRECURSOR SOLUTIONS

DEPOSITION OF PRECURSOR SOLUTIONS

CHARACTERISATION OF PEROVSKITE FILMS

UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER TEST

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) TEST

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) TEST

CHAPTER FOUR.........................36

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

XRD ANALYSIS

FTIR ANALYSIS

ELECTRONIC ANALYSIS

OPTICAL ANALYSIS

SEM ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE...

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES.......

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ANTISOLVENTS OF TOLUENE DMF AND DMSO ON THE STABILITY OF PEROVSKITES SOLAR CELLS

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