Critical Analysis of International Humanitarian Law in The Protection of Civilian Population in Non-International Armed Conflict: A Case Study of Lord Resistance Army in Uganda from 1986-2006

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION ............................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION ................................................................................................. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. iv

ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ v

LIST OF ACTs ................................................................................................ vi

LIST OF CASES ............................................................................................. vii

TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... viii

CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................... 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the study ........................................................................ 4

1.2 Statement of the problem ....................................................................... 5

1. 3 objectives of the study ............................................................................ 6

1.4 Specific objectives .................................................................................. 6

1.5 scope of the study ....................... ······i···· ................................................. 6

1.6 Significance of the study ........................................................................ 7

1.7 Research methodology ............................................................................ 7

1.8 Methods of data collection ...................................................................... 7

CHAPTER T~O ........................................................................................ ~

2.0 Literature Review ................................................................................... 8

2: 1 Applicability of International humanitarian law to LRA situation in

northern Uganda ........................................................................................ 11

2.2 The conflict can be classified as follows; ............................................... 12

2.2.1 Non-international armed conflict; ...................................................... 12

2.2.2 International armed conflict (IAC) ...................................................... 14

2.3 Violations of international humanitarian law ........................................ 15

2.3.1 Crimes against humanity .................................................................. 16

viii

2.3.2 Individual criminal responsibility ...................................................... 18

2.3.3 Command responsibility .................................................................... 18

2.3.4 Superior subordinate relationship ..................................................... 19

2.4 State responsibility for crimes committed by the government forces and

the militia group ........................................................................................ 19

2.5 International Humanitarian law generally ............................................. 20

2.6 Applicability of international Humanitarian law to LRA conflict in

northem Uganda ........................................................................................ 25

2. 7 The ICC and the LRA ............................................................................ 27

2.7.1 General over view .............................................................................. 27

CHARPTER THREE ................................................................................ 30

DUTIES OF THE PARTY TO THE CONFLICT IN NORTHERN UGANDA TO

COMPLY WITH HUMANITARIAN LAW ...................................................... 30

3.0 Introduction: ........................................................................................ 30

3.1 Parties to the conflict and their specific duties: ..................................... 30

3.2 Questions of compliance with IHL in Northem Uganda by parties to the

conflict ............................................. ~ ......................................................... 32

3.3 The war crimes which the leaders of LRA are indicted for ..................... 33

CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................... 315

4:0 INTRODUCTIONS ................................................................................. 36

4:1 the applicability of international humanitarian law in protecting those not

participating in the armed conflict and in regulating methods and means of

warfare ...................................................................................................... 36

4:2 Consequences resulting from the breach of international humanitarian

law during LRA war .................................................................................... 39

4:3 Better ways of protecting civilian caught in LRA conflict. ...................... 41

4:4 Critical appraisal of international convention applicable to LRA war in

northern Uganda ........................................................................................ 43

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5.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 45

5: 1 summary ............................................................................................. 45

5.2. Recommendations ............................................................................... 46

5:3 Conclusions ......................................................................................... 50

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