The study examined the evolution of co-operative societies in Nyandarua County between 1965 to 2000 with particular emphasis on Karagoini Marketing Co-operative Society in Ndaragwa Sub-county. The primary objective of this research was to study the nature and characteristics of the co-operative societies in Nyandarua County from the early independence period. A number of co-operative societies were formed in the Sub-county from 1965. The societies formed included Ndaragwa (1965), Kanyagi...
ABSTRACT This study set out to explore the changes in gender power relations among the people of Igembe Central, Meru County in Kenya. It focuses on the pre-colonial power relations between men and women, the transformation of gender power relations during the colonial and post-colonial eras among the Ameru. The study aimed to achieve the following objectives; to examine the concept of power relations between men and women before colonialism, investigate the transformation of gender power re...
ABSTRACT Since the pre-colonial period, women have been organising themselves in diverse ways. This study sought to examine the transformation of women self-help groups in Maragua, Murang‟a County from 1895 to 2013. The study examined women experiences in their self-help groups evaluating how they have evolved and remained resilient in the wake of changing times, adapting and adjusting accordingly. 1895 is a significant year because Kenya became a British protectorate and consequently there...
ABSTRACT The study focused on agricultural transformation in Nyamira County between 1945 and 2002.The study objectives included process of agricultural transformation and policies during the onset of the Second World War, drivers of agricultural transformation in the County since 1945.The study also examined the socialeconomic effects of agricultural transformation between 1979 and 2002.The year 1945 was important to the study because after the Second World War, for the first time in history...
ABSTRACT Masculinity denotes the attributes that a particular society judges to be ideally associated with men and boys. It is distinct from maleness, a biological and physiological classification concerned with male reproductive system. Masculinity entails socially constructed features, behaviour and secondary sex characteristics associated with men. Among the Chuka, the definition of manhood is not only complex but also embedded in the practice of circumcision.Thus circumcision is a proces...
ABSTRACT According to 1999 Population and Housing Census, an estimated 4.2 million adults in Kenya were illiterate, 60% being women. According to vision 2030, Kenya aims at achieving 80% adult literacy in order to transit the country to a middle level economy. This study investigates the determinants of access and effective participation of Adult Basic Education Programmes in Nakuru-North District, Nakuru County, from independence to 2014. This study area has been experiencing poor participa...
ABSTRACT The study examined socio-cultural changes in the farming and use of Miraa (Catha edulis) in Igembe District of Meru County in Kenya from 1940-2014. The Meru comprises of nine sub-ethnic groups namely Chuka, Muthambi, Mwimbi, Igoji, Miutine, Imenti, Tigania, Igembe and Tharaka. Miraa is grown intensively in Meru by the Igembe and Tigania sub-ethnic groups. It is of prime economic importance for the region as it feeds a growing national and international market. However, it is a ...
ABSTRACT This study acknowledges that communities in Kenya have cordially interacted with one another in various ways both in the pre-colonial, colonial and post-independence period. These cordial relations are sometimes interrupted by inter-ethnic conflicts that are either latent or manifest in nature. Most of these conflicts in Kenya are perpetrated by small militia groups which are consistently most active in the last and first quarters of each year following raiding patterns that tend to ...
ABSTRACT Female Circumcision (FC) has been an issue of debate globally in the recent past, with intense campaigns against the practice. A practice that was initially carried out in many communities in the world, started facing hostility from the legal and human rights activists as a violation of human rights. Nevertheless, this practice has persisted even after the ban globally in states such as New Zealand, and most African nations including Kenya. Owing to the prohibition of the practice of...
ABSTRACT This study examined the transformation of the culture of widow guardianship among the Luo of Homa Bay County from 1920 to 2014.The study was guided by four objectives namely: to interrogate the importance of widow guardianship in Luo society, examine the extent to which colonialism and missionary activities affected the practice, analyze how the culture has been practiced in the post-colonial period among the Luo and investigate the extent to which it has been transformed in the cont...
ABSTRACT This study covers the Nyamwezi people who have been living in Pemba Island since 1890. Its purpose is to understand the socio-economic contributions made by the Nyamwezi people in Pemba. The major survey was done in five different sample villages in the northern part of Pemba Island, where Nyamwezi people settled for many years. Different data collection methods were used in this study, such as interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions and some published and unpublished d...
ABSTRACT The provision of modern health services was a legacy of colonial administration in Africa. Yet, little attention has been paid to the history of medical and health development in Africa, especially Ibadan, which benefited greatly from the colonial health policy. This study, therefore, examined the changing trends in the growth and development of colonial medical and health services in Ibadan between 1900 and 1960 with a view to highlighting the impact of colonial medicine in the cit...
ABSTRACT One of the objective of the Mau Mau fighters was to reclaim land that had been lost to white settlers through land alienation. After independence, however, the government of Kenya was reluctant to give the ex-Mau Mau fighters and other landless people free land. Landless Kikuyu therefore formed land-buying companies such as Ngwataniro, Nyakinyua and the Nakuru District Ex-freedom Fighters Organisation (NDEFFO). NDEFFO, a land-buying company exclusively for former Mau Mau fighters ow...
ABSTRACT Self-adornment plays a significant role in ensuring the continuity of the political and cultural life of pastoralists. This study outlines changes in Samburu body adornment from the pre-colonial period to the present. In the study it is argued that Samburu body adornment in the pre-colonial period was influenced by interaction with neighbouring communities like the Rendille. Colonial policies and mingling of cultures in the post-independent period also shaped Samburu body adornment ...
Sir George Greys Federation Policy 1854 - 1859