EXTENDED ABSTRACT Experiments to determine the potential of Weaver ants, Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as biocontrol agents of major insect pests of cashew and mango were conducted at Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute in Mtwara and Kibaha in the Coast region, during 2012/13 and 2013/14 fruiting seasons. Cashew is attacked by Coconut bugs, Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown; Mirid bugs, Helopeltis spp. and Thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus Giard. Mango is threatene...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the major export crops in Tanzania, contributing 24% to the agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP). The crop contributes directly to the livelihoods of over 420 000 farm families and indirectly to over 2 million people employed in the coffee value-chain. The Tanzanian average coffee production is variably pegged at 45 000 – 52 000 metric tons annually, while smallholder coffee productivity per tree ranges between 250 and 300g of parchment which is lo...
The theoretical origins of this dissertation arise from a quest to understand and explain two key puzzles relating to EU negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (called Economic Partnership Agreement) with the African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States. These negotiations have been ongoing since 2002. These puzzles are: One, there is the puzzle of how to explain the variable speed that now differentiates ACP regions and states in their ratification of their 2007 EPA agreement? ACP sta...
This study examined the effectiveness of Kenya’s famine early warning information (FEWI) network from 2007 to 2013. The study assessed: presence of collaborative networks (NC), strength of networks (C), organizational commitment (OC), types of information commitments (IC), and perceived impact (PE) by stakeholders at FEWI’s strategy-capacitybuilding-network, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) and the coordination-implementer-network, the Kenya Food Security Steering Grou...
Immanuel Kant rejected the classical ontological, cosmological, and teleological arguments for the existence of God on the grounds of their probabilistic status. Having comprehensively analysed, criticized, and rejected the classical proofs of God’s existence, Kant turned to the moral field to find justification for the belief in God. Having concluded that speculative or pure reason (which supports the classical metaphysical argument) cannot escape the sphere of probability, Kant turne...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to expose and evaluate Thomas Kuhn’s concept of paradigm shift in science with a view to showing that scientific progress is not achieved by appealing to traditional methods of doing science only. Scholars who uphold the traditional idea of science like Rudolf Carnap, are of the view that scientific innovations must exist within a tradition. They forgot that science can also be driven by moral, political and religious beliefs which according to Harding...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Though production of cereal crops in Tanzania could succumb to the projected climate change, research has mainly focused on maize (Zea mays L), the main staple crop for the country, and just little work has been done to analyse climate change impacts specifically on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]. This study analysed the nature and sources of vulnerability on sorghum production by smallholder farmers due to climate variability and change and evaluated possible farm-l...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Recurrent conflicts between farmers and pastoralists have brought significant impact on both groups and the society at large in Kilosa and Mvomero districts. Mitigation of conflicts between farmers and pastoralists, with the intention of bringing up peace and tranquility in the community is important for empowering farmers and pastoralists in terms of skills in modern farming without encroaching other land, keeping livestock without disturbing others and arbitration mechani...
ABSTRACT For the world to be fit to live in, there needs to be a preponderance of peace, and peace is not the absence of war, but the presence of justice. Hence, Augustine says, “remove justice and what are kingdoms but gangs of criminals on a large scale.” Where justice is denied, the results are evident - a state of war of everyman against everyman, violations of rights, bloodshed, and clash of interests. While the interests of the stronger prevail, the weaker ones resort to resistance...
Following Kenya’s instances of ethno-political violence in the period 1992-2012, there are concerns that a comprehensive redress for victims of human rights abuses remains largely a mirage. This study is driven by the concern that despite numerous transitional justice efforts carried out by the government and the civil society, relationships among communities in Molo sub-county remain tense, marked with suspicion and a desire for revenge. This study seeks to find out whether restorative jus...
This research investigated the community-based approaches and interventions that have been adopted by communities in Nairobi and Mombasa Counties of Kenya in counterradicalization work. Community-based approaches focusing on building the resilience of communities to react and respond to challenges posed by youth radicalization including their involvement in violent extremism are now considered to be a key plank of any counterterrorism work globally. The underlying perspective for this shift i...
The Kenya government, in collaboration with other stakeholders involved in the provision of family planning services, have put in place various strategies and policies to increase uptake of family planning services. These are aimed at increasing contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), reduction in both total fertility rate (TFR) and unmet need for family planning services. Despite the various strategies and policies, total fertility rate still remains high at 4.6 percent, while CPR and unmet nee...
ABSTRACT Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs/Long Lasting Insecticide-Treated Nets (LLINs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) have contributed to halving global malaria incidence and mortality rates. Achieving zero malaria transmission using these methods which target indoor-feeding mosquitoes is hampered by residual malaria transmission attributable to outdoor-feeding mosquitoes. This study evaluated potential malaria vector-control methods that target outdoor-feeding Anopheles mosquitoes to con...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Women play critical roles in agricultural value chains in developing countries. However, their participation in value chain development activities does not always result into their empowerment. The main objective of this study was to examine the impacts of women participation in onion value chain development activities on their empowerment. The study was conducted in Simanjiro District and adopted a cross-sectional research design. Qualitative and quantitative data were co...
ABSTRACT Aflatoxins and fumonisins are toxic food contaminants. Knowledge about status of human exposure to, and health effects of these toxins in Tanzania is inadequate. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of dietary exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin in young children by using biomarkers of exposure and assess the impact of the exposure on child growth. A total of 166 children were recruited at age of 6 to 14 months in three villages; Nyabula (Iringa region), Kigwa (Tabora r...