EXTENDED ABSTRACT Weaver ants (Oecophylla spp) are eusocial insects used in pest management. Studies were conducted in citrus field in Tanga and Morogoro regions to determine occurrence of sexual, efficient methods for trapping mated queens, population structure and optimizing queen rearing methods as prerequisite for transplanting weaver ants population. Result of a study conducted between 2011 to 2013 showed that sexuals occurred in nests for a prolonged period with peaks between February...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Water resources have become scarce in most tropical areas of Tanzania due to climate change. Any changes to the hydrological cycle may have significant effects on the water resources in the river basins of Tanzania. The impact of climate change on water resources in Tanzania have been studied using General Circulation Models (GCM) which run at low spatial resolutions of 100-300 km. The resolution is too coarse to provide useful information about climate change impact in sm...
ABSTRACT Background Coffee is the most important stimulant beverage in the world and a major form of cash income for millions of smallholder farmers. The world’s coffee trade is dominated by two types Arabica and Robusta. Arabica represents 60-70% whereas Robusta represents 30-40% of global exports. Coffee is one of Tanzania’s primary agricultural export commodities accounting for about 5% of total exports value, and generating export earnings averaging USD 100 million per annum over 3...
ABSTRACT Water resources have become scarce in most tropical areas of Tanzania due to climate change. Any changes to the hydrological cycle may have significant effects on the water resources in the river basins of Tanzania. The impact of climate change on water resources in Tanzania have been studied using General Circulation Models (GCM) which run at low spatial resolutions of 100-300 km. The resolution is too coarse to provide useful information about climate change impact in small catchme...
ABSTRACT This study aimed at analyzing the transformation of agricultural innovation approaches in Tanzania, from a ‘linear’ to ‘system’ mode of innovation, responding to reform measures and new heterogeneous demands from the agricultural sector. The Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) approach allows multiple actors to participate in agricultural chains and also accommodate the institutional and organizational innovation. Using the perceptions of researchers and their experienc...
ABSTRACT The study was carried out in Itigi thicket in Manyoni District to assess land cover dynamics and estimate biomass and volume of thicket and tree (associate trees) species. The assessment of land cover dynamics was based on data extracted from remote sensing using the 1991, 2000 and 2011 satellite images and key informants interviews. The estimation of biomass and volume of thicket and tree species, data from destructive and non-destructive sampling was used. Sixty thicket clumps and ...
ABSTRACT The study was carried out in Itigi thicket in Manyoni District to assess land cover dynamics and estimate biomass and volume of thicket and tree (associate trees) species. The assessment of land cover dynamics was based on data extracted from remote sensing using the 1991, 2000 and 2011 satellite images and key informants interviews. The estimation of biomass and volume of thicket and tree species, data from destructive and non-destructive sampling was used. Sixty thicket clumps and ...
ABSTRACT The application of medicinal plants in primary health care for people living with HIV/AIDS is well acknowledged in Tanzania. However, the conservation status of medicinal plants is questionable. This study aimed at assessing the conservation status of medicinal plants used to manage HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Rungwe District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania. Specifically, this study sought to: identify and document medicinal plant species used to manage HIV/AIDS opportunistic infect...
ABSTRACT Agriculture remains an important economic sector for contributing to food self-sufficiency and incomes in Zanzibar. However, its performance is limited by poor access to extension services on improved technologies to increase production and productivity due to shortage of Block Extension Officers in Shehia. Currently, mobile phones are among the reliable media to communicate agricultural information in sub-sahara Africa, which can be used to provide better linkage between farmers and...
ABSTRACT This study assessed anthropogenic activities, land uses and limnological characteristics, in relation to fisheries resources of Lake Babati (fresh water) and Burunge (soda water). Six villages were also involved, namely Majengo, Singe and Bagara adjacent to Lake Babati and Mwada, Sangaiwe and Vilima Vitatu adjacent to Lake Burunge. Data were collected by using questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, observation, GIS and RS and Laboratory analysis. Findings have indicated e...
ABSTRACT This study, sought to investigate the determinants of job satisfaction experiences among academic staff in four selected public and private universities in Tanzania. Specific objectives were to: assess job satisfaction differences by socio-demographic characteristics among academic staff in public and private universities in Tanzania; compare job satisfaction experiences among academic staff in each selected public and private university in Tanzania; assess the context differences o...
ABSTRACT Trading in high-value agro-food and fishery products like Nile perch represents one of the main possibilities for reducing poverty in Tanzania. Nile perch earner foreign exchange and provides employment to communities around Lake Victoria. However, Tanzania has experienced challenges in maintaining and expanding her share of global markets given stringent food-safety requirements in the European Union (EU). Following the three EU Nile perch export bans in the 1990s, several efforts h...
ABSTRACT Land cover, land use, and human activities pattern have been reported to be important determinants of vector borne diseases transmission including plague. Plague, still occurring in different parts of the world, has been a threat in the Eastern Africa region including the Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Plague is a severe, rodent associated, bacterial zoonosis caused by Yersinia pestis. Literature suggests that factors influencing the critical contact between rodent hosts, flea...
ABSTRACT Declining productivity of food crops in developing countries is associated with several factors including poor adoption of improved technologies against pests and parasites destroying crops with developmental implications on food insecurity and poverty. This study has been undertaken to contribute to the understanding of farm-level adoption dynamics and economic impacts of agricultural technologies. This study was done using a case of imazapyr-resistant maize technology for combating...
ABSTRACT Microcredit schemes have been proliferating all over the world. However, although the impact of those schemes on the borrowers’ businesses and household welfare is widely contested, the number of women borrowers has been on a sharp increase. This study assessed the effect of microcredit obtained from various sources on the performance of women owned microenterprises and household welfare. Specifically, the study sought to: (a) examine the performance of women owned microenterprises...