Abstract: In this article we review the different methods that are used for the desulphurization of pyrolysis oil obtained from used tyres. A lot of research has been done on desulphurization of crude oil and its derivatives, mostly diesel. Since pyrolysis oil has similar properties to those of diesel, the methods employed can be extended and applied for the purification of pyrolysis oil. According to the ultimate analysis, pyrolysis oil contains about 1.6 wt% sulphur which is above environm...
Abstract: The desire for advanced performing renewable materials and friendly to the environment has grown worldwide. Lignocellulosic materials have demonstrated great potential as reinforcing agents in the manufacturing of composite materials. Achieving such materials also depends on the optimization of parameters not limited to particle size, temperature, duration of treatment, manufacturing technique and the type of modification. Laccase enzyme, a biological modification deemed friendly t...
Abstract: This study investigated the use of copper smelter slag for the removal of phosphorus from secondary wastewater effluent through batch tests. The media was physically and chemically characterized and showed presence of Fe2O3 (45.22%), SiO2 (14.98%), Al2O3 (3.21%), CaO (1.99%), SO3 (1.77%) and MgO (1.33%). Scanning electron microscopy monographs revealed smooth and flat surface and no heterogeneity on the surface of the slag with visible micro pores before the experiment and less vis...
This study examined the optimization of the transesterification reaction of sesame methyl esters (SMEs) with trimethylolpropane (TMP) to synthesise sesame biolubricant (SBL). Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) was employed for the experimental design. Effects of temperature, mole ratio and reaction time on the yield of SBL were evaluated. The predicted yield after process optimization was found to agree satisfactorily with the experimental value. The o...
Jatropha curcas seed oil was studied for the synthesis of trimethylolpropane based biolube basestock via chemical transesterification of Jatropha methylester with trimethylolpropane (TMP) using calcium hydroxide catalyst. Reactions temperatures ranged between 80 and 160 C and methyl esters to TMP mole ratios ranged between 3:1 and 7:1. Product analysis, ester groups and physio-chemical properties were obtained by gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and American...
Synthesis of polyol ester as a novel biodegradable base stock from sesame seed oil for lubricant production was conducted via chemical transesterification of sesame methylester with trimethylolpropane (TMP) using calcium hydroxide catalyst. The reactions were carried out under varying temperatures (80 C160 C) and methyl esters to TMP mole ratios (3:1 to 7:1). Product’s analysis was performed using gas chromatography. Product’s physicochemical characteristics determined using ASTM met...
ABSTRACT The activity of indigenous microbial system is a required tool to remediate an environment that has been contaminated by hydrocarbons. This work deals with the dynamic response to crude oil contaminants of undefined microbial systems in three selected communities of the Rivers State of Nigeria. The activities of indigenous (undefined) consortia were studied and compared using Respiratory technique. The soil samples were incubated with 2 % ( 𝑣⁄𝑣)crude oil in mineral salt medi...
_ABSTRACT -. Nigeria has for long been a developing nation without much progress. An observation of some of the countries of the world reveals a strong interplay between the quality of engineering education and the technological advancement of such country.
Abstract Cowpeas were prepared into flour by wet dehulling, wet milling into paste and drying; wet dehulling, drying and milling; and wet dehulling, wet milling and foam mat drying. Proximate chemical composition and functional properties (water and fat absorption capacities, foaming capacity, foam stability, bulk density, gelation capacity and emulsification capacity) of flours and of paste prepared by wet dehulling, wet milling and no drying, were determined. Akara from fresh paste and pas...
ABSTRACT Horizontal well application has sometimes been employed as a way of minimizing excessive water production arising from coning commonly encountered during oil production in vertical wells. Lots of efforts on water coning in vertical wells have been published. Available predictive models in horizontal wells vary from rather simplistic to complex models. This study investigated the development of practical models that combine ease of use with accuracy. Conformal mapping was used to comb...
ABSTRACT Circular economy requires sustainable supply of raw materials to industries. Social and economic networks are needed in order to develop circular economies that would drive value chains in renewable resource processing from wastewater into renewable bioplastic products. Current plastic is non-biodegraded which can cause harm to our environment. A pilot scale investigation was carried-out so as to evaluate the feasibility of producing value-added bioplastic from wastewater treatme...
Quality control is a checking test to monitor and ensure the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is at optimum efficiency. The tests are usually carried out on samples collected from specific points or stations in the WWTP. The Influent sample, is collected after the fine screens. Aeration basin sludge, iscollected from the point of overflow of the aeration basin, before it is sent to the clarifier. Return Activated Sludge (RAS) sample, is collected from the sludge pumping station. Waste Ac...
Wastewater is made up largely of organic carbon, either in solution or as particulate matter. About 60% is in particulate form, consisting of proteins, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrate, fats and fatty acids. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) prevent potential waterborne disease outbreak. This is achieved by the active use of mechanical process and biological process of the treatment plant to treat and convert wastewater into clear effluent that meets specific standard. The effluent water...
The drying and particle size characterization of Danta (Nesogordonia papavereria) and HardCross (Vitex doniana) hardwood sawdusts were investigated at temperatures 80 ºC, 90 ºC and105 ℃. The experimental drying data were modeled using eighteen existing drying models.The results showed that the modified Henderson and Pabis model offered the best fit to thedrying curves of Danta and Hard Cross sawdusts. The experimental data obtained from theparticle size distribution of both the samples we...
The production of soy-yoghurt by fermentation of soymilk with lactobacillus isolated from nunu (a Nigerian indigenous fermented cow-milk) was studied. Soymilk was extracted from whole and dehulled soybean seeds and pasteurized. The fermentation was carried out with both the isolate from nunu and yoghurmet (a commercial yoghurt starter culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) as control. The percentage of soymilk inoculated was 70%, 80% and 100% of the broth. Soy-yog...