Research Papers/Topics in Environmental Health Science

Roasting Kinetics of Crude Pyrite as Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Option: A Case Study of Merelani

Abstract Large-scale production of mine wastes and their secure disposal has been a problem of global concern. In this work, the chemical kinetics of roasting of crude pyrite, a mine waste from Merelani to form sulphur dioxide, a key precursor in the production of sulphuric acid was studied. Conversion of pyrite into sulphur dioxide revealed pseudo first order kinetic with respect of solid reactant in gas-solid system. The activation energy (Ea) value of 15kJ/mol was deduced from Arrhenius e...

Heavy Metal Contamination In Agricultural Soils And Water In Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania

Abstract Heavy metals in soil and water were determined at four points along Msimbazi River valley in Dar es Salaam city, which is popular for vegetable farming. Results indicated that the concentration of chromium in water ranged from (1.414±0.922) to 0.01 mg/L. Maximum and minimum lead concentrations of 0.113 and 0.083 mg/L were detected. The concentration of copper was generally low at all sites, ranging from (0.013±0.005) to (0.016±0.005) mg/L. The concentration of lead in water throug...

Leaching Behaviour and Speciation of Pb, Zn and Cu in Stabilized Gold Mine Tailings

Abstract Leaching and speciation of heavy metals in stabilized gold mine tailings were investigated by using leaching tests and leaching model (Visual MINTEQ 3.1®) respectively. Results indicate that the Stabilized/Solidified (S/S) tailings has high acid neutralizing capacity, which is dependent on binder content used. The dissolution of alkaline metals and oxyanions (such as SO4 2-, HCO3 2-) raises both the pH and electric conductivity of the leachant and, in-turn, affects leaching of the ...

Effectiveness of Activated Groundnut Shells to Remove Chromium from Tannery Wastewater

Abstract This paper presents results of the investigation of Chromium III removal from tannery wastewater using groundnut shells under laboratory scale batch experiments. The effects of pH, contact time, particle size and dosage of the adsorbent on the adsorption of Cr (III) were studied. Determination of Chromium ion concentration in the wastewater was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results show that removal mechanism is dominantly adsorption, which is dependent of th...

A Survey of Solid Waste Management Services in Woldya Town (Ethiopia): Challenges and Opportunities for Improvement.

In different cities and towns of Ethiopia, solid waste is a major environmental problem. Woldya town also face the challenges of solid waste management. Effective and efficient solid waste management in a town is a mandatory to ensure human and animal health and also to ensure clean and sound able environment in urban development. The aim of this study is to assess challenges and opportunities for improvement of solid waste management services in Woldya town. Interviews, questionnaires and ob...

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

A quality management system (QMS) is a set of policies, processes and proceduresrequired for planning and execution (production/development/service) in the core business area of an organization. (i.e. Areas that can impact the organization’s ability to meet customer requirements. The term "Quality Management System" and the acronym "QMS" were invented in 1991 by Ken Croucher, a British management consultant working on designing and implementing a generic model of a QMS within the IT indust...

Occupational Health and Safety

An organization’s activities can pose a risk of injury or ill-health, and can result in a serious impairment of health, or even fatality, to those working on its behalf; consequently it is important for the organization to eliminate or minimize its OH&S risks by taking appropriate preventive measures. An organization’s OH&S management system can translate its intentions to prevent incidents into a systematic and ongoing set of processes (supported by the use of appropriate methods and too...

PREVALENCE OF ENTERIC FEVER AND MALARIA AMONGST PATIENTS' OF THE UNIVERSITY HEALTH SERVICES, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY DUSTIN-MA, KATSINA, NORTH-WEST, NIGERIA

1,277 patients were diagnosed and treated (July – September, 2017) for malaria, typhoid or co-infection at the University Health Services; 34.06% of the patients were diagnosed and treated in July; 32.58% in August; and 33.36% in September, 2017. The study reveals that the prevalence or incidence of malaria, typhoid and co-infection is higher in males (53.80%) than females (46.20%).  7.75% of the study population had blood cultures confirming only typhoid infection; 31.95% had blood cul...

ECOGENOTOXICOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF SOME SELECTED FISH SPECIES FROM APODU RESERVOIR, MALETE, NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA

Increased agricultural and domestic activities around and within aquatic ecosystem could poseserious threats to the habitat quality and ichthyofauna diversity. Nigeria is a country notablefor the alarming rate of water pollution. On the other hand, increased human populace aroundthe Apodu Reservoir has led to an intensifying rate of pollutants’ influx into the water body.To date, there is limited information on the habitat quality and associated genotoxic effectsof pollutants on physiology...

Hydrochemical Evolution of Ground and Surface Water within the Amansie and Adansi Districts

Source–rock deductions of major ions and saturation states of minerals in groundwater were employed to determine the origin of dissolved ions and the thermodynamic controls on the groundwater composition respectively in groundwater within the Amansie and Adansi Districts. The main objective of this study is to characterize groundwater and delineate soil-water-rock interactions responsible for the chemical evolution of groundwater within the districts. Fifty-nine boreholes, twelve wells and ...

A comparative study of the pollution status of Sakumo II and Muni Lagoons in Ghana

The pollution status of Sakumo II and Muni Lagoons and Mamahuma and Gbagbla Ankonufeeder streams, which feed Sakumo II along the coast of Ghana, were assessed and compared.As expected of saline waters, pH values of both lagoons fell within a slightly neutral to salinerange whilst, the feeder streams were moderately saline. Conductivity distribution also showedsaline (.5.0mScm21) characteristics of the lagoons, while, the feeder streams are brackish(1.5–5.0mScm21). DO concentrations in both ...

Levels and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in selected irrigated urban agricultural soils in Accra, Ghana

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants in urban environmentsincluding urban soils. Elevated concentrations of PAHs in urban soils are caused by incomplete combustion of petroleum and coal. This study assesses 16 individual PAH compounds in a total of 112 surficial soil samples. The objective was to assess and compare the levels of contamination as well as examine the main sources of PAHs in four urban agricultural soils using molecular ratios of some specifi...

Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater evolution within the Lower Pra Basin, Ghana: a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) approach

The most relevant controls on groundwater quality within the Lower Pra Basin in Ghana were assessedusing Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The objective was to determine the chemical characteristics of the various water groups and subgroups responsible for the groundwater evolution and identify the groundwater recharge and discharge zones within the basin. The Q-mode HCA have characterized hydrochemical data from a total of sixty-eight (68) boreholes and two (2) streams within the b...

Origin of major dissolved ions in groundwater within the Lower Pra Basin using groundwater geochemistry, source-rock deduction and stable isotopes of 2H and 18O

Hydrochemical and stable isotopes (18O and 2H) analyses of groundwater samples were employed toestablish the origin of major dissolved ions in groundwater within the Lower Pra Basin. Results showed that, the major processes responsible for chemical evolution of groundwater include: silicate (SiO4)4- dissolutions, ion exchange reactions, sea aerosol spray and pyrite (FeS2) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS) oxidations. The groundwater is strongly acidic to neutral, with pH generally range from 3.5 to 7....

Hydrochemistry of groundwater in the Savelugu–Nanton District, Northern Ghana

Calcite (CaCO3), dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2], silicatedissolution, ion-exchange and reverse ion-exchangereactions are the predominant processes influencinggroundwater quality in the Savelugu–Nanton District. Themain objective of this study is to characterize groundwaterand delineate water–rock interactions responsible for thechemical evolution of groundwater in the District. Eighty-one (81) boreholes were sampled for quality assessment.Results showed that, the pH of the boreholes are slightly a...


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