Research Papers/Topics in Environmental Chemistry

Wastewater pretreatment methods for constructed wetland: Review

One of the most interesting research topics has been the constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment. The primary operating issue of CWs is medium clogging, which is caused by the accumulation of varying sorts of solids, resulting in a reduction in the infiltration capacity of the gravel substrate. It is commonly recognized that effective wastewater pretreatment is necessary for the long-term operation of CW. Pre-treatment is crucial because it prepares the influent for CW treatment. ...

Effect of Green Leaf Manuring on Soil Physicochemical and Soil Biological Parameters

ABSTRACT Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of green leaf manuring on soil physicochemical and biological parameters. Three out of total four soil samples were treated with Mangifera indica, Gmelina arborea and Dialium guineense leaf manures one for each respectively prior to the cultivation of Telfairia occidentalis plant on each of the soil samples including the untreated soil sample (control). Physicochemical and biological parameters of the soil samples, plant growth char...

Challenges And Prospects For Sustainable Water Supply For Kajiado Town, Kajiado County

Kajiado town, the County headquarters for Kajiado County which is classified as semi-arid area, lacks adequate water supply systems. The town had a projected population of 16,003 in 2013 (KNBS, 2010) but no functional municipal water supply system. There is no permanent river near the town and the town has a formation with poor aquifer such that even bore holes have low water yields. Water is sold at an exorbitant price given that a twenty (20) litre jerry can cost on average Kshs 10 whi...

Effects Of Climate Variability On Maize Yield In Matungulu West, Machakos County Kenya

ABSTRACT Climate variability is now a reality and its effects continue to affect agriculture especially crop yields. Maize is said to be one of the crops adversely affected by climate variability. It is projected that unless bold steps are taken to reduce the effects of climate variability on crop yields, then the magnitude of its effect shall be enormous. It is based on this uncertainty that this paper was premised to interrogate the effects of climate variability (temperature and precipita...

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues In Shellfishes And Finfishes From Lagos Lagoon

ABSTRACT Organochlorine pesticides are persistent environmental contaminants which are lipophilicand hydrophobic, leading to their accumulation in biological tissues and the subsequent magnification of concentrations in organisms, progressing through to the food chain. Shellfishes, finfishes, microlayer water, mixed layer water, epipellic and benthic sediment samples were collected from the Lagos Lagoon and analysed for organochlorine pesticide residues. Sampling was conducted between Decem...

Evaluation Of Chlorpyrifos Ethyl Elisa Kit And Assessment Of Use And Spatial Distribution And Temporal Trend Of Selected Organophosphate And Carbamate Pesticides Residues In Water, Sediment A

ABSTRACT Heavy seasonal use of specific organophosphate and carbamate in the catchment area of Lake Naivasha is a potential cause of pollution of sediment, water and fish in the lake. However, there is lack of data on the potential pollutants, their levels in the aquatic ecosystem and monitoring strategy. The objectives of this study were to identify the commonly used pesticides and the timing of their application in Lake Naivasha catchment area through a survey; to evaluate the performance o...

Survey Of Levels Of Some Heavy Metals In Soil, Sugarcane And Some Sugarcane Products From Muhoroni And South Nyanza Sugar Companies Nucleus Estates, Kenya.

ABSTRACT Sugarcane is an important cash crop in Kenya. Due to its economic value, efforts are in progress to increase its production. The efforts include intense use of fertilizers, besides the use of high-yielding varieties. The intense use of fertilizers adds heavy metals to the sugarcane growing soils. The sugarcane plants can bioaccumulate heavy metals from soils to levels above safe limits. Metal levels in soil and factors such as soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM) influence levels of...

Assessment of Atmospheric Particulates in Port Harcourt And Omuku Towns in Rivers State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Port Harcourt and Omoku are two densely populated towns in Rivers State. This may not be unconnected with the presence of such attractive features as tertiary institutions, oil and gas companies, very large daily markets, free electric power supply (as in Omoku) among others. In the light of the above, it is expected that industrial effluents, domestic waste discharge, automobile emissions, gas flaring etc generate atmospheric aerosols which dissolve to form particulates as pollutan...

Phytochemical And Nutritional Evaluation of Cucurbita maxima And Citrullus lanatus in Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT       Fruits and vegetables are eaten world over and serve as nutrient supplements. This study compared the nutritional and phytochemical contents of the pulp of C. lanatus dried at 45°C and C. maxima dried at 45°C and 100°C and their effect on the biochemical, haematological, histopathological and growth performance parameters of Wistar rats after feeding with 5% and 10% ratios. The results showed that proximate composition of C. lanatus and most especially C. maxima dried a...

Design and construction of bio-gas for household use

ABSTRACT: The designed air driven engine is an economic friendly engine which operates with the aid of a compressed air. in principle, an air driven engine uses the expansion of compressed air to drive the pistons of an engine. an bio gas driven engine is a pneumatic actuator that creates useful work by expanding compressed gas. there is no mixing of fuel with gas as there is no combustion. An gas driven engine makes use of compressed gas technology for its operation the compressed air techn...

Heat Activated Persulfate Oxidation of Dye Solutions

ABSTRACT This study investigates the decolourization of reactive blue 4 textile dye solution by heat activated persulfate. Synthetic textile dyes have been found to be non-biodegradable, toxic and carcinogenic and thus potentially harmful to both the environment and living organisms when improperly discharged to the environment. A lot of attention have been given to Azo dyes which make up approximately 60% of the reactive dyes with limited study conducted on other classes of reactive dyes suc...

An Assessment of Pollution and Effects on Human, Animals, Plants and The Environment in Nigeria (Lagos State)

ABSTRACT Pollution is the introduction of waste into the atmosphere making it impossible to make life onearth possible to sustain. Pollution is the introduction of a contaminant into the environment. Alot of anthropocentric activities have contributed to the gradual degradation of the ecosystem.However, they  are measures   that  can bring   sanity   and  recovery the wounded ecosystem. Incourse   of   this   study,   four   research   question   were   raised   amo...

Compound Parabolic Concentrators for Solar Water Heat Pasteurization: Numerical Simulation

Many people in less developed countries drink water with microbial contamination, which leads to the annual death of 5 million children. Although some people currently boil water, all microbes that cause disease in humans do not survive at temperatures >65oC, which solar water pasteurizers can easily produce. These pasteurizers are similar to box solar cookers, and typically have a small rectangular reflector. The objective of this work is to calculate the increase in output due to compound p...

Viability of Small-Scale Arsenic-Contaminated Water Purification Technologies for Sustainable Development in Pakistan

Drinking arsenic-contaminated water leads to a series of health problems that has limited development for the largely poor rural people of Pakistan who are unable to afford bottled water, centralized treatment plants, or expensive water filter systems. This paper reviews the available appropriate technologies for the removal of arsenic in drinking water to assist in just sustainable development in Pakistan. Several technologies were found to be both technically- and economically- viable and s...

Environmental Impacts of Distributed Manufacturing from 3-D Printing of Polymer Components and Products

Although additive layer manufacturing is well established for rapid prototyping the low throughput and historic costs have prevented mass-scale adoption. The recent development of the RepRap, an open source self-replicating rapid prototyper, has made low-cost 3-D printers readily available to the public at reasonable prices (


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