Abstract: Mosquitoes are the primary vectors of arboviral infections. As there are no vaccines or effective therapeutic treatments for these diseases, vector control is an important approach for curbing their circulation or transmission. These vectors spend the first three of their four life stages in aquatic habitats where fitness and efficiency of adult mosquitoes to transmit arboviral infections is greatly influenced. Understanding ecology of mosquitoes in their aquatic habitats is theref...
Abstract: Water is life thus access to safe drinking water is essential to health and a basic human right. Kenya is considered a water scarce country whose water sources are becoming more contaminated through changes in land use and poor solid waste management. This has in turn affected the quantity and quality of portable water available. There are nearly 1.7 billion cases of waterborne diarrheal disease every year with over 760 000 deaths of children under five years. Traditional methods o...
Abstract: Malaria is a strong selective force in the human genome, selecting genes for resistance to disease in human populations living in malaria endemic areas. Selection by malaria has generated genetic variations, providing evolutionary driving force mediating polymorphisms such as Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency and sickle-cell anaemia. Genes encoding erythrocyte receptors of Plasmodium falciparum especially the sialoglycoproteins, glycophorins A, Band C, which are the main...
Abstract: Honeybees, Apis mellifera, are key contributors to the global economy, nutrition, food security and ecological biodiversity. Despite their robust benefits, declines in honeybee populations have been reported owing to a number of factors. Such include pests and diseases, climate change, poor management practices, change in land usage and low ge-netic diversity. High intra-colonial genetic diversity is associated with resilience and re-sistance to pest and diseases as well as increas...
Abstract: Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) is a major pest of maize in East Africa. Its indigenous natural enemies are unable to regulate its densities to a level acceptable to farmers. Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of C. partellus now established in Kenya, was released in 1993 from Pakistan for the control of this pest. A major constraint in evaluating the establishment of C. flavipes, is the great amount of time spent for its field collection and identifi...
Abstract: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been in use as an agricultural insecticide and as a disease vector control since 1939. Due to its persistence in the environment, its use has been surrounded by controversies regarding its safety to humans and the environment. There has been no reliable and replicable scientific evidence proving its harmful effects to humans though DDT was banned in many developed nations by 1970s. The DDT ban has seen to the reemergence of malaria and othe...
Abstract: Pesticide use has been one of the major factors in improving productivity in agricultural enterprises. Pesticide residues in food and drinking water when ingested affect human health while ecosystems are also affected through loss of biodiversity. The aim of the research was to survey pesticide usage in farms under horticultural production, isolate bacterial strains, evaluate their biodegradation potential of selected pesticides, characterize the bacteria isolates morphologically, ...
Abstract: Chemical pesticides have disadvantages such as high production costs, short persistence, comparative low efficacy, development of resistance to toxin and causing ecological damage. In order to obtain cheaper biopesticides, many locally available and inexpensive agricultural/industrial byproducts have potential as culture media for Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal protein production. In this study, cost-effective media were developed, based on locally available raw materials namely le...
Abstract: Tsetse flies are the sole vectors of Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and Animal African trypanosomiasis (Nagana). The insect is attracted to its suitable hosts through external signals which are perceived by olfactory receptors (ORs); thus representing the basis of transmission of the disease to thousands of people and millions of livestock. A developing approach to efficiently identify the key chemical ligands of odorant receptors entails expressing single ORs in...
The main agenda of the following project is to help understand and appreciate principles and concepts of vibrations through an effective integration of software programs, MATLAB and SIMULINK, with theory. This further highlights the need for integration between mathematical analysis and engineering system design. The combination of MATLAB and SIMULINK is a powerful tool which adds a new dimension to research in vibrations systems control and to the instruction of vibrations courses since it h...
Phishing attacks are a serious risk to people and businesses because they try to trick users into sending critical information by using phony emails and websites. Users remain susceptible to these assaults because sophisticated phishing websites are frequently difficult for existing preventive measures to identify and block. As a result, a reliable detection system that can recognize and stop phishing assaults is required. The goal of the research is to create a detection system that efficien...
ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem 1.3 Research Objectives 1.3.1 General Objective 1.3.2 Specific Objectives 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Significance of the study 1.6 Scope and limitation of the study 1.6.1. Limitation of the study 1.7. Organisation of the Study CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1.contracts 3 2.2. Construction contract 2.3. Element of a contracts 2.4. The majority of road constructio...
ABSTRACT Although there is widespread recognition of the potential of ports as logistics centers, widely accepted performance measurements for such centers are yet to be developed. The essence of logistics management is an integrative approach to the interaction of different processes and functions within the port extended to a network of organizations for the purpose of cost reduction and customer satisfaction. The logistics approach often adopts a concept, “value-added service” betwe...
What is Fall Protection? Fall protection refers to a system of measures and equipment designed to prevent or mitigate the risks associated with falls from heights. It is a critical aspect of occupational safety, particularly in industries where workers are exposed to elevated surfaces, such as construction, maintenance, and certain manufacturing activities. Key components of fall protection include: Guardrails and Barriers: These are physical barriers erected along exposed edges to preven...
Management information systems (MIS) are regarded as a crucial instrument in the business landscape, serving as an antiseptic and antidote to address and facilitate informed decision-making inside organizations. Companies and businesses are motivated to adopt a proactive strategy in data analysis, ensuring the provision of trustworthy, comprehensive, easily available, and comprehensible data within an appropriate amount of time to system users. Furthermore, it aids in enhancing productivity i...